Croatia Passport

The Republic of Croatia (Republic of Croatia, Hrvatska Hrvatska).

【 Area 】 56600 square kilometers.  

[Population] 3.85 million (2023). The main ethnic groups are Croats (91.63%), while others include Serbs, Bosniaks, Italians, Hungarians, Albanians, Slovenes, etc., totaling 22 ethnic minorities. The official language is Croatian. The main religion is Catholicism (78.97%).  

【 Capital 】 Zagreb, with a population of 770000 (2021), has a maximum temperature of 38 ℃ and a minimum temperature of -11.6 ℃.

【 Head of State 】 President Zoran Milanovic took office in February 2020.  

[Important Festival] National Day: May 30th.

【 Overview 】 Located in central southern Europe, northwest of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Slovenia and Hungary in the northwest and north respectively, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro in the east and southeast, and the Adriatic Sea in the west and south. It has numerous islands and a winding coastline of 1880 kilometers.  

In the late 6th and early 7th centuries, Slavs migrated to the Balkan Peninsula for settlement. In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Croats established early feudal states. In the 10th century, the Kingdom of Croatia was established. From 1102 to 1527, K was under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1527 to 1918, K was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty until the collapse of the Austro Hungarian Empire. In December 1918, Croatia joined forces with some southern Slavic ethnic groups to establish the Kingdom of Serbs Croats Slovenes, which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. In 1945, the Yugoslav people won the victory in the Anti Fascist War and declared the establishment of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia on November 29. In 1963, it was renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Croatia became one of the six republics of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On June 25, 1991, the Croatian parliament passed a resolution declaring independence from Yugoslavia based on the results of a national referendum. On May 22, 1992, K joined the United Nations.

In January 2020, Social Democratic Party member Milanovic was elected president and inaugurated on February 19th. The Democratic Community Party has been in power continuously since 2016, with party chairman Andrej PLENKOVI Ć serving as prime minister. In April 2024, K held parliamentary elections and the Democratic Community Party won again. In May, Plinkovic was re elected as Prime Minister, and the Democratic Community Party and the Land Movement Party jointly governed.

On December 22, 1990, the Republic of Croatia promulgated a new constitution. The Constitution stipulates that the term of office of the President is 5 years and cannot exceed two terms. In November 2000, the Knesset passed a constitutional amendment to change the semi presidential system to a parliamentary cabinet system. In March 2001, the Knesset amended the constitution again and decided to abolish the Provincial Council and change the bicameral system to a unicameral system. In June 2010, the Knesset amended the constitution for the fourth time, mainly determining the legal basis for Knesset's accession to the European Union and its membership as an EU member state, including the transfer of sovereignty over the EU, the Knesset referendum, the fulfillment of EU legal obligations, and the rights of citizens of EU member states in Knesset.  

The highest power and legislative body of the country, a unicameral system. Members of parliament are elected through direct elections for a term of four years. The current parliament was established in May 2024 and currently has 150 members. Currently, there are 22 political parties in the parliament. Among them, the Democratic Community Party has 55 seats, the Land Movement Party has 9 seats, the Social Democratic Party has 37 seats, the "We Can" political platform party has 10 seats, and the Bridge Party has 7 seats. The Speaker is Gordan JANDROKOVI Ć, who took office in May 2017 and was re elected twice in July 2020 and May 2024.

The government is the executive body of state power. Prime Minister Andrei Plinkovic. The government members include: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Veterans Affairs Tomo MEDVED, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Internal Affairs Davor BO Ž INOVI Ć, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Oceans, Transport and Infrastructure Oleg BUTKOVI Ć, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Ivan ANU Š I Ć, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Planning, Construction and State Assets Branko BA Č I Ć, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Josip Dabro, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Marco Pribri ć. Marko PRIMORC, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Gordan Grli ć RADMAN, Minister of Economy Ante Š U Š NJAR, Marija VU Č KOVI Ć, Minister of Environmental Protection and Green Transformation; Damir HABIJAN, Minister of Justice, Public Administration, and Digital Transformation; Radovan FUCHS, Minister of Science, Education, and Youth; Ivan Š IPI Ć, Minister of Population and Immigration; Nina Obuljen KOR Ž INEK, Minister of Culture and Media; Ton č i GLAVINA, Minister of Tourism and Sports; and Shime Erlich, Minister of Local Development and European Funds (Š ime ERLI Ć), Minister of Labor, Pension System, Family, and Social Policy Marin PILETI Ć, Minister of Health Vili BERO Š.

【 Main website 】

Croatian Presidential Palace: www.predsjednik.hr

Government: www.vlada.gov.hr

Parliament: www.sabor.hr

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Affairs: www.mvep.gov.hr

There are 20 provinces and 1 provincial-level municipality in China, with 128 cities and 428 districts under its jurisdiction.  

The judicial system includes the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. Miroslav Š EPAROVI Ć, President of the Constitutional Court, took office in 2016. Radovan DOBRONI Ć, a member of the Supreme Court, assumed office in 2021.

Croatia implements a multi-party system, mainly consisting of the following political parties:

(1) The Democratic Community Party (Hrvatska demokratska zajednica) was established in June 1989. Party Chairman Andrei Plinkovic.

(2) Domovinski pokret, the National Movement Party, was established in February 2020. Party Chairman Ivan PENAVA.

(3) Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokratska partija Hrvatske): Established in November 1990. The party chairman Sini š a Hajda š Don č i ć.

(4) The "We Can" Political Platform Party (Mo ž emo! - Politi č ka platform) was established in February 2019. Party coordinators Sandra BEN Č I Ć and Tomislav Toma š evi ć.

(5) Bridge Party (Most): Established in November 2012. Party Chairman Bo ž o Petrov.

Zoran Milanovic: President. Born on October 30th, 1966. Graduated from the Law Department of the University of Zagreb and later obtained a Master's degree in European Union Law from the Free University of Brussels in Belgium. From 2003 to 2004, he served as the Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 2006 to 2007, served as the spokesperson for the Social Democratic Party. From 2007 to 2016, he served as the chairman of the party. From 2011 to 2016, he served as the Prime Minister. Elected president in January 2020 and inaugurated in February.

Andrei Plinkovic: Prime Minister. Born on April 8th, 1970. Graduated from the Law School of Zagreb University with a Master's degree in Law. From 2010 to 2011, he served as the State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2011 to 2013, served as a member of parliament. From 2014 to 2016, he served as the Vice Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the European Parliament. In June 2016, he was elected as the Chairman of the Croatian Democratic Community Party. He became the Prime Minister in October of the same year and was re elected twice in July 2020 and May 2024.

Gordan Jandrokovic: Speaker. Born on August 2, 1967. Graduated from the School of Political Science at the University of Zagreb. Elected as a member of parliament for six consecutive terms since 2003, and served as Foreign Minister from 2008 to 2010. From 2010 to 2011, he served as Vice Premier and Foreign Minister. From 2016 to 2017, served as Vice Speaker. In May 2017, he was elected as the Speaker and was re elected twice in July 2020 and May 2024.

The economic foundation is sound. The development level of industries such as tourism, construction, shipbuilding, and pharmaceuticals is relatively high. Joined the Eurozone and Schengen Area in January 2023. The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 76.5 billion euros.

Per capita GDP: 19000 euros.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 3.1%.

Currency name: Euro.

Inflation rate: 8%.

Unemployment rate: 6.1%.

(Source: Ke National Bureau of Statistics, Ke National Bank, the same below).

Croatia is rich in forests and hydropower resources, with a total forest area of 2.76 million hectares and a forest coverage rate of 48.7% in 2023. The main mineral resources include oil, natural gas, coal, bauxite, and high-quality mudstone. In addition, it also produces iron, manganese, graphite, and other materials.  

The main industrial sectors include food processing, wood processing, shipbuilding, construction, electricity, petrochemicals, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, machinery manufacturing, and textiles. The food processing industry is relatively developed and has the highest number of employed people in the processing industry.

Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries mainly include planting, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries. The total arable land area for agriculture in China is 1.546 million hectares.  

The tourism industry is well-developed and is an important component of Croatia's national economy and a major source of foreign exchange income. In 2023, Croatia's tourism revenue will be 14.6 billion euros, accounting for approximately 19.6% of its gross domestic product. The number of tourists will reach 19.49 million, a year-on-year increase of 9.7%. Tourists mainly come from European countries such as Germany, Slovenia, Austria, and Poland. The main scenic areas include the Adriatic Sea coast, Plitvice Lake, and Brioni Island.  

The transportation industry is relatively developed, mainly consisting of highways and railways. The main situation is as follows:

Highway: The total length in 2022 is 26867 kilometers, including 1341.1 kilometers of expressways. In 2022, the passenger volume on highways was 47.29 million, and the freight volume was 86.4 million tons.

Railway: The total length in 2022 is 2617 kilometers, of which 970 kilometers are electrified railways, accounting for 37% of the total mileage. In 2022, the passenger volume was 18.22 million and the freight volume was 16.26 million tons.

Water transportation: In 2022, the passenger volume by sea was 14.16 million, and the freight volume was 15.36 million tons; The inland waterway freight volume is 5.83 million tons. K has 7 ports that can accommodate large ocean going ships, namely Rijeka, Pula, Š ibenik, Zadar, Split, Ploche, and Dubrovnik. Among them, Rijeka Port has a prominent position, and through this port, it can reach the entire territory of Croatia and the whole of Europe.

Air freight: There are 7 international airports (Zagreb, Split, Dubrovnik, Zadar, Rijeka, Pula, Osijek) and 3 small commercial airports (Braci, Loshni, Vrsar), with the main airport being Zagreb Tudjman Airport. The passenger volume in 2022 is 3.125 million.

Pipeline transportation: In 2022, the total length of oil pipelines was 622 kilometers, and the total length of natural gas pipelines was 2544.43 kilometers.

In 2022, the government's fiscal surplus was 272 million euros, accounting for 0.4% of the gross domestic product. As of the end of 2022, Croatia's foreign exchange reserves amounted to 27.3 billion euros and its external debt was 47.2 billion euros.

In 2023, the total amount of foreign trade was 625.1 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 5%. Among them, the export volume of Croatia was 22.9 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 5%, the import volume was 39.6 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 5%, and the deficit was 17 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 6%. Main export commodities: petroleum products, mineral fuels and lubricants, pharmaceuticals, electronic equipment, and food. Main imported goods: crude oil and natural gas, mineral fuels and lubricants, transportation vehicles, pharmaceuticals, machine tools and equipment. Main trading partners: Italy, Slovenia, Germany.  

The main destination countries for foreign investment are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Poland. Investment in these five countries accounts for 81% of their total foreign direct investment, mainly concentrated in areas such as coke, refined petroleum products, shipping, retail trade, and finance.  

The main sources of foreign capital are the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, and Germany. The total investment of the four countries mentioned above in Croatia accounts for about 53% of the foreign investment attracted by Croatia. Foreign investment is mainly concentrated in fields such as finance, manufacturing, real estate, trade, and telecommunications.  

[People's life] By the end of 2020, the number of fixed phone users was 32.1/100, the number of mobile phone users was 108.1/100, and the number of Internet users was 78.3/100. There are a total of 68000 medical workers and 23000 hospital beds nationwide. On average, there are 1.9 doctors and 5.4 hospital beds per thousand people. There are 365 cars per thousand people. The unemployment rate is 6.1% in 2023.

Croatia established its military in 1991. May 28th is Army Day. Implement a voluntary military service system. As of May 2020, the total number of Croatian military personnel was 15605, of which 14325 were active duty, accounting for 91.8%; 1280 civil servants, accounting for 8.2%. The defense budget for 2022 is 1.056 billion US dollars. The Constitution stipulates that the President is the supreme commander of the armed forces. Admiral Robert HRANJ, Chief of the General Staff of the Croatian Army, took office in March 2020 for a term of 5 years.  

Croatia has a high level of cultural education and a relatively complete education system, including preschool education, primary education, secondary education, vocational education, higher education, adult education, special education, etc. The nationwide implementation of 8-year compulsory primary education. There are mainly higher education institutions such as the University of Zagreb, Rijeka University, Osijek University, Split University, Zadar University, Dubrovnik University, and Pula University.  

In 2022, Croatia had 129 radio stations, 26 television stations, 273 theaters, 189 cinemas, 168 museums, and 1760 libraries.

The main newspapers distributed nationwide include: "24-hour", "Evening News", and "Morning News"; Local daily newspapers include: Free Dalmatia newspaper, New newspaper, etc.  

The Croatian News Agency (HINA) is a national news agency established in July 1990. Croatian National Television (HTV) was established in 1956 and has four domestic channels and one satellite channel. The Croatian National Radio was established in 1926.