Cuba Passport

The Republic of Cuba (La Rep ú blica de Cuba).

【 Area 】 109884 square kilometers.

Population: 11.083 million (2023). The urban population accounts for 77%, while the rural population accounts for 23%. Among the national population, the population aged 0-14 accounts for 15.73%, the population aged 15-59 accounts for 61.97%, and the population aged 60 and above accounts for 22.3%. The average life expectancy is 77 years.

Spanish is the official language.

[Religion] Mainly believes in Catholicism, African Christianity, Protestantism, Cuban Christianity, Judaism, etc.

[Currency] Peso (CUP) (Official exchange rate: 1 US dollar=24 pesos)

Havana, the capital, has a population of 2.149 million in 2023.

[Head of State] According to the provisions of the new Cuban Constitution and the new Electoral Law in 2019, Cuba has set up a new position of president. The president is the head of state, who is elected by deputies to the National People's Congress. In October 2019, Miguel D í az Canel Berm ú ndez was elected as the first President of the country and re elected in April 2023.

[Important Festival] National Day: January 1st (Victory Day of the Revolution); Uprising Day: July 26th (commemoration of the attack on the Moncada Barracks).

【 Overview 】 Located at the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico in the northwest of the Caribbean Sea. Composed of over 1600 islands including Cuba Island and Isla de la Juventud, it is the largest island nation in the West Indies. Most of the region has a tropical rainforest climate, with only the leeward slopes along the southwest coast having a tropical grassland climate, with an average annual temperature of 25 ℃. Except for a few areas, the annual precipitation is over 1000 millimeters.

Columbus discovered the island of Cuba during his voyage in 1492. In 1510, the Spanish expeditionary force conquered Cuba and established colonial rule. Two wars of independence broke out in 1868 and 1895 respectively. After the victory of the Spanish War in 1898, the United States occupied Cuba. In 1902, the United States supported the establishment of the "Republic of Cuba". In 1903, the United States leased two ancient naval bases, among which the Guantanamo Naval Base is still occupied by the United States. On January 1, 1959, Castro led an uprising army to overthrow Batista's rule and establish a revolutionary government. In 1961, Castro declared that the Cuban Revolution had a socialist character. In 1962, the United States announced an economic, trade, and financial blockade against Cuba.

Cuba implements a socialist system. In July 2006, Fidel Castro transferred his powers to his younger brother Ra ú l Castro's temporary proxy due to illness. In February 2008, Ra ú l was officially elected as the Chairman of the State Council and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In April 2018, at the Ninth National People's Congress, Raul stepped down as a state leader, and Dias Carnell was elected as the new chairman of the State Council and the chairman of the Council of Ministers. In October 2019, at the fourth special session of the ninth National People's Congress, Dias Carnell was elected as the first President of the country. In April 2021, the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba was held, and Diaz Canel was elected as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, while Ra ú l stepped down. In April 2023, at the 10th National People's Congress, Dias Carnell was re elected as the President of the country.

The current Constitution was promulgated and implemented in April 2019. The Constitution adheres to the socialist system and the Communist Party of Cuba as the highest leading force of the country, clearly upholds the dominant position of national ownership and planned economy, insists on the main role of state-owned enterprises, recognizes the objective existence and role of the market, acknowledges the important supplementary role of the non-public sector of the economy, reaffirms the basic principles of foreign policy, and condemns unilateralism, hegemonism, and power politics. This constitution was passed by a Cuban referendum in February 2019 with 87% support, making it the third constitution formulated after the victory of the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

[Parliament] The National People's Political Power Congress is the highest authority of the country and has the power to amend the Constitution and legislate. Each term is 5 years. Hold two regular meetings every year. In April 2023, at the tenth session of the National People's Congress, Esteban Lazo Hern á ndez was elected as the chairman of the National People's Congress and the chairman of the State Council for a second term.

According to Cuba's new constitution issued in April 2019, the State Council is the permanent body of the National People's Congress, which exercises state power such as legislation during the recess of the National People's Congress, and is composed of the President, Vice President, a Secretary and 18 members. The President and Vice President of the National People's Congress serve as both the President and Vice President of the State Council. The current State Council was established in April 2023. The current chairman is Esteban Lazo Hern á ndez, the vice chairman is Ana Mar í a Mari Machado, and the secretary-general is Homero Acosta Á lvarez.

[Government] In April 2023, the 10th National People's Congress of Cuba, nominated by President Dias Carnell, voted to approve the decision that Manuel Marrero Cruz should be the Prime Minister again. The five deputy prime ministers are Ramiro Vald é s Men é ndez, Eduardo Mart í nez D í az, In é s Mar í a Chapman, Jorge Luis Tapia Fonseca, and Ricardo Cabrisas Ru í z.

The Council of Ministers is the highest administrative body of the country, and a new term of members of the Council of Ministers will be elected in April 2023. In addition to the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, the current main members include: Jos é Amado Ricardo Guerra, Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers; Á lvaro L ó pez Miera, Minister of the Revolutionary Armed Forces; L á zaro Alberto Á lvarez Casas, Minister of the Interior; Joaqu í n Alonso V á zquez, Minister of Economic Planning; Oscar P é rez Oliva Fraga, Minister of Foreign Trade and Investment; and Ren é Mesa Villafania, Minister of Construction. Ren é Mesa Villafa ñ a, Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla Rodr í guez Parrilla, Minister of Transport Eduardo Rodr í guez D á vila, Minister of Technology and Environment Armando Rodr í guez Batista, Minister of Justice Oscar Manuel Silvera Mart í nez, Minister of Domestic Trade Betsy D í az Vel á zquez, Minister of Culture Alpidio Alonso Grau, Minister of Communications Mayra Arevich Mar í n, Minister of Public Works Health Minister Jos é Angel Portal Miranda, Agriculture Minister Ydael Jesus P é rez Brito Jes ú s P é rez Brito, Minister of Labor and Social Security Marta Elena Feit ó Cabrera, Minister of Tourism Juan Carlos Garc í a Granda, Central Bank Governor Juana Lilia Delgado Portal, Minister of Food Industry Alberto L ó pez D í az, Minister of Industry Eloy Á lvarez Mart í nez, Minister of Energy and Mines Vicente Del Rey Antonio Rodriguez Rodriguez, Chairman of the National Water Resources Commission Rodr í guez Rodr í guez, Chairman of the National Sports and Entertainment Commission Osvaldo Caridad Vento Montiller, Minister of Education Naima Ariatna Trujillo Barreto (female), Minister of Higher Education Walter Baluja Garc í a, Minister of Finance and Prices Vladimir Regueiro Ale, Chairman of the Cuban Information and Social Communication Commission Alfonso Noya Mart í nez, Chairman of the Land Planning and Urbanization Commission Ra ú l í a. Ra ú l Acosta Gregorich.

The country is divided into 15 provinces and 1 special zone (Youth Island Special Zone). There are 168 cities under the province.

The Supreme People's Court is the highest judicial institution of the country. The General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic is responsible for exercising judicial supervision power. The President, judges, Procurator General and Deputy Procurators General of the Supreme People's Court are elected and removed by the National People's Political Power Congress. Rub é n Remigio Ferro, the President of the Supreme People's Court, took office in January 1999. Yamila Pe ñ a Ojeda, the Attorney General, took office in August 2018.

The Communist Party of Cuba is the only legal political party in Cuba. The Constitution stipulates that the Communist Party of Cuba is the vanguard organization of Marxist ideology and Marxism Leninism, and is the highest leading force in Cuban society and the country. Since the establishment of the Communist Party of China, Fidel Castro has served as the first secretary for a long time. In April 2011, the 6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba was held, and Ra ú l Castro succeeded Fidel Castro as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba. From April 16th to 19th, 2021, the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba was held. The meeting passed a series of documents such as "Updating the Concept of Socialist Economic and Social Model" and "Guiding Principles for the Economic and Social Policies of the Party and Revolution from 2021 to 2026". Ra ú l Castro stepped down as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, and Diaz Canel took over the position. There is currently no second secretary, and the central organization secretary Morales is in charge of the party's executive work.

Miguel Diaz Canel Bermudez: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and President of Cuba. Born on April 20th, 1960. Since 2003, he has served as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since 2013, he has served as the First Vice Chairman of the State Council and the First Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In April 2018, he succeeded Raul Castro as the Chairman of the State Council and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In October 2019, he was elected as the President of Cuba. Elected as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in April 2021. Re elected as the President of Cuba in April 2023.

Ra ú l Castro Ruz: Cuban revolutionary leader, brother of Fidel Castro, former First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, former Chairman of the Cuban State Council and Council of Ministers. Born on June 3, 1931. After the victory of the ancient revolution in 1959, he served as the Minister of the Revolutionary Armed Forces. Since 1965, he has served as the Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since 1976, he has served as the First Vice Chairman of the State Council and the First Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and was awarded the rank of Grand General in the same year. In February 2008, he was elected as the Chairman of the State Council and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In February 2013, he was re elected as the Chairman of the State Council and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Elected as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in April 2011 and re elected in April 2016. In April 2018, he stepped down from his position as Chairman of the State Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and remained as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Resigned as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in April 2021.

Long term implementation of a planned economy system. The sugar industry, tourism, and nickel exports are important economic pillars. The main agricultural products are sugarcane, tobacco, tropical fruits, coffee, cocoa, rice, etc. Industrial products mainly rely on imports. Labor export, tourism, and overseas remittance income are important sources of foreign exchange. In 2022, Cuba's GDP was 52.245 billion Cuban pesos. The main exports include nickel, seafood, acidic fruits, tobacco, alcoholic beverages, etc. The main imports include petroleum, grain, machinery, fertilizers, chemical products, etc.

In 2011, the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China decided to shift its focus to economic development, accelerate the updating of economic models, and introduce a series of economic and social policy adjustment measures. The new Foreign Investment Law was introduced in 2014. In 2016, a new "Catalogue of Foreign Investment Projects" was launched. In 2020, Cuba launched a single window information management system for foreign investment, simplifying the approval process for foreign investment in Cuba. In January 2021, Cuba implemented currency and exchange rate integration, abolished the "convertible peso" (CUC), and adopted the peso as the sole currency, with fixed exchange rates and improved distribution systems. In August, Cuba issued a law stipulating that small and medium-sized enterprises can be state-owned, private, or mixed enterprises, providing guidance for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Cuba.

[Foreign Relations] Advocate respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, respecting the right of national self-determination, and opposing interference in the internal affairs of other countries. He advocates that all countries and peoples in the world are equal. Condemn all forms of hegemonism, interventionism, unilateralism, and discriminatory policies, oppose the use or threat of force, and oppose all forms of terrorism, including state terrorism.

Cuba is a founding member of the United Nations and a member of international and regional organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the Non Aligned Movement, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Latin American Integration Association, the Association of Caribbean States, and the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas. In 2023, Cuba will assume the rotating presidency of the Group of 77 and host the Havana Summit of the Group of 77 and China in September of that year.