Ecuador Passport

[Country Name] Republic of Ecuador (Rep ú blica del Ecuador).

【 Area 】 256370 square kilometers, ranking tenth in Latin America.

[Population] 16.938 million (2022). Among them, Indo European mixed race people account for 77.4%, Native Americans account for 7.7%, and African Americans account for 4.9%. The official language is Spanish, and Quechua is commonly spoken by Native Americans. 87.5% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Quito, the capital, has a population of 2.7 million. The altitude is 2818 meters. The annual average temperature is 13.5 ℃.

President Daniel Noboa will take office on November 23, 2023.

Independence Day: August 10th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the northwest of South America. It borders Colombia to the northeast, Peru to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The coastline is 930 kilometers long. The equator crosses the northern border of the country (the name of the country means "equator" in Spanish). The eastern and western regions have a tropical rainforest climate. The mountainous basin has a tropical grassland climate, while the mountainous area belongs to a subtropical climate.

It was once the residence of an Indian tribe. In the 15th century, it was incorporated into the Inca Empire. In 1532, it became a Spanish colony. Independence was declared on August 10, 1809. In 1822, it joined the "Republic of Greater Colombia" composed of Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama. After the dissolution of the republic in 1830, the Republic of Ecuador was declared. After World War II, the political situation in Ecuador was turbulent for a long time, with frequent regime changes and military rule multiple times. In 1979, the military government returned power to the people, and the political situation tended to stabilize. Between 1996 and 2006, three democratically elected presidents were dismissed or overthrown during their tenure due to political corruption, slow economic development, and other issues. On November 26, 2006, Correa, the candidate of the Sovereign Fatherland Alliance Movement, was elected president. After taking office, Ke successfully promoted constitutional amendments and was elected as president twice in 2009 and 2013 according to the new constitution, serving until May 2017. In April 2017, Moreno, the candidate of the Sovereign Fatherland Alliance movement, was elected president and will serve until May 2021. In April 2021, Laso, the candidate of the Christian Socialist Alliance of the Create Opportunities Movement, was elected president and inaugurated in May, serving until November 2023.

In May 2023, President Lasso dissolved the parliament and called for early presidential and parliamentary elections, citing "serious political crisis and internal strife" in accordance with the constitution. On October 15, 2023, Ecuador held the second round of presidential elections, and the candidate of the National Democratic Action Alliance, Novaya, was elected president. On November 23, 2023, President Novoya was sworn in and will complete the remaining term of the Lasso government until May 2025.

The current Constitution was passed on September 28, 2008. The new constitution establishes a political system of separation of powers, strengthening administrative power, reforming legislative and judicial power, and adding citizens' rights to participate in social management and election. Strengthen the government's macro planning and planned guidance for the national economy, strictly control strategic departments related to national economy and people's livelihood, strengthen financial supervision, and abolish the central bank's autonomy. Establish a debt committee to strictly review and approve the procedures for borrowing foreign debts.

The National Assembly of Ecuador adopts a unicameral system. There are a total of 137 legislators, including 15 national legislators, 116 provincial legislators, and 6 overseas legislators. In May 2023, the then President of Ecuador, Lasso, dissolved the parliament, and a new parliament was officially established on November 17, 2023, with a term until May 2025. The President and Vice President of the National Assembly are elected by the plenary session of the National Assembly and are eligible for re-election. Current President of Congress Viviana Veloz (Civic Revolution Movement), First Vice President Otto Vera (Christian Socialist Party), and Second Vice President Eckenner Recalde (National Democratic Action Alliance).

The President is the highest executive head of the country. The current government was established in November 2023, and the composition of the cabinet is as follows:

Government Minister F é lix Wong, Interior Minister M ó nica Palencia, Foreign Affairs and Immigration Minister Mar í a Sommerfeld, Public Health Minister Manuel Naranjo, Education Minister Alegria Crespo, Economic and Social Inclusion Minister Zaida Rovira, Urban Development and Housing Minister Humberto Plaza, Culture and Heritage Minister Romina Mu ñ oz, Energy and Mining Minister (Acting) Ines Mann Ines Manzano, Minister of Telecommunications and Information Society C é sar Mart í n, Minister of Transport and Public Works Roberto Luque, Ines Manzano, Minister of Environment and Water Resources; Giancarlo Loffredo, Minister of Defense; Juan Carlos Vega, Minister of Economy and Finance; Luis Jaramillo, Minister of Production, Foreign Trade, Investment and Fisheries; Franklin Palacios, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock; Ivonne N úñ ez, Minister of Labor; Mateo Estrella, Minister of Tourism; Jos é Jim é nez, Minister of Sports; and Ariana Tanka, Minister of Women and Human Rights. Arianna Tanca, female.

The country is divided into 24 provinces, with 221 cities and 1449 districts.

The Corte Nacional de Justicia is the highest judicial institution in the country, consisting of 25 judges (including the president). Current Dean Jos é Suing. Prosecutor General Diana Salazar and Inspector General Juan Larrea.

The main political parties in the country are as follows:

(1) The Civic Revolution Party (Partido de Revoluci ó n Ciudadana, formerly known as the Correa faction of the Sovereign Fatherland Alliance Movement): an opposition party founded in January 2018 by former President Correa and his supporters after leaving the Sovereign Fatherland Alliance Movement, calling for the defense of the achievements of the "citizen revolution" during Correa's rule and opposing President Moreno's "betrayal" and conservatism. The leader of the party is former President Correa. In 2020, the party joined the Social Commitment Forces movement and formed the "Hope Alliance" with eight center left party groups including the Democratic Centre Movement, the National Women's Permanent Forum, and the Federation of People's and Farmers' Indigenous Organizations. They nominated Correa leader Araus as their presidential candidate in the 2021 election, but lost in the second round of the election. In June 2023, the party nominated Correa candidate Gonzalez to participate in the early elections, but lost in the second round. Party Chairman Marcela Agui ñ aga. The Civic Revolution Party has 48 seats in this parliament.

(2) Acci ó n Democr á tica Nacional: The political party to which the current president, Novaya, belongs. Founded by Nuo in November 2022. In June 2023, a campaign alliance called "National Democratic Action" was formed with the center left political parties "People, Equality and Democracy Movement" and "Green, Moral, Revolutionary and Democratic Movement".

(3) Construction Movement (Movimiento Construye): Established in 2004, it is one of the founding political parties of the Sovereign Fatherland Alliance. It later withdrew and became independent, and changed its name to its current name in 2020. Party General Secretary Iv á n Gonz á lez. The Construction Movement caucus has 21 seats in this parliament.

(4) The Christian Socialist Party (Partido Social Cristiano) was founded in 1945 as the Christian Democratic Party and changed its name to its current name in 1951. He was in power twice, from 1956 to 1960 and from 1984 to 1988. Representing the interests of entrepreneurs and advocating Christian democracy. Party Chairman Alfredo Serrano. In 2021, it formed a campaign alliance with the Create Opportunities Movement, and its candidate Lasso was elected president. The Christian Socialist Party won 18 seats in this parliament.

[Important Person] President Novoya. Born on November 30th, 1987. Master's degrees from Northwestern University, Harvard University, and George Washington University in the United States. Formerly served as the Chairman of the Economic, Production Development, and Small and Micro Enterprise Committee of the Eritrean Parliament. Create the political movement 'National Democratic Action' in November 2022. In October 2023, he won the second round of early elections and was elected as the President of Ecuador. He will take office in November 2023 and serve until May 2025. Married, with 2 sons and 1 daughter.

The oil industry is the largest economic pillar of Ecuador. Economic development can be divided into three different stages: cocoa, bananas, and oil. Ecuador is known as the "Banana Country" and has been ranked first in the world in terms of banana production and exports for several consecutive years since 1992. In 2000, Ecuador officially implemented an economic dollarization policy. In 2021, it became the world's largest producer of shrimp for the first time.

In recent years, the Ecuadorian government has encouraged production and foreign trade, restarted the process of free trade negotiations with multiple countries, and sought to return to international arbitration institutions. In 2023, the nominal gross domestic product will be 118.845 billion US dollars, with an economic growth rate of 2.4%. As of July 2024, the public debt was 61.97 billion US dollars, accounting for 50.3% of the gross domestic product.

Ecuador mainly exports oil, bananas, prawns, and flowers, while importing machinery and equipment, industrial raw materials, fuels, and consumer goods. The top three trading partners are the United States, China, and the European Union. In 2023, the total import and export volume of Ecuador will be 60.25 billion US dollars, of which the total export volume will be 31.13 billion US dollars and the total import volume will be 29.12 billion US dollars.

The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces, commanding the entire army through the Minister of National Defense and the Joint Command of the Three Services. The Minister of National Defense is appointed and dismissed by the President and can be an active or retired military personnel. The Joint Command of the Three Services is composed of the commanders of the three services and is responsible for formulating training and combat plans. Implement compulsory military service system, with a service period of one year. The current Commander of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is Jaime Vela, the Army Commander is Luis Burbano, the Navy Commander is Miguel C ó rdova, the Air Force Commander is Geovanny Espinel, and the National Police Commander is C é sar Zapata. The total military strength of the three armed forces is 55000 people.

The Constitution of Ecuador stipulates that at least 6% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should be allocated to basic and secondary education. In 2021, the national illiteracy rate in Ecuador was 6%. At present, free education is implemented in national universities, primary and secondary schools, and universities are autonomous, protecting the freedom of private education. In 2019, the enrollment rate for basic education was 97%, and the enrollment rate for higher education was 38%. Famous higher education institutions include Central University of Ecuador, Catholic University, University of Guayaquil, and University of Cuenca.

There are over 50 newspapers and 21 magazines nationwide. The main newspapers are: Business Daily, with a circulation of 90000 copies; Universe Daily, with a circulation of 75000 copies; The Express has a circulation of 60000 copies. The main magazines are: Browsing.

There are over 460 radio stations nationwide, with 54 in the capital. There are mainly Ecuadorian Radio, Catholic Radio, Quito Radio, Achievement Radio, and Voice of the Andes Radio. The vast majority of radio stations are privately owned.

There are a total of 19 television stations in the country. Main TV stations: 2, 4, 8, 10, and 13.

Ecuador pursues an independent, autonomous, and peaceful foreign policy. Advocate mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity among countries, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, promote multilateralism, and peacefully resolve international disputes. Emphasize that diplomacy serves economic development. Advocating comprehensive disarmament and reducing nuclear weapons, Latin America should become a truly nuclear free zone. Advocating for strengthening the role of the United Nations, the Security Council should have broader representativeness and increase its transparency and democratic decision-making. Advocate actively developing political and economic relations with countries in the Asia Pacific region. Maintain diplomatic relations with 145 countries. It is a member of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Group of 77, the Organization of American States, the Latin American and Caribbean Community, the Andean Community, and the South American Forum for Progress. It is also the first formal member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in Latin America. The Novoya government adheres to a diverse and pragmatic foreign policy, actively participating in international and regional affairs.