El Salvador Passport

The Republic of El Salvador, La Rep ú blica de El Salvador.

【 Area 】 210400 square kilometers.

Population: 6.486 million (2023). Indo European mixed race people account for 86%, European descendants account for 13%, and Native Americans account for 1%.

Spanish is the official language.

More than 75% of residents believe in Catholicism.

[Currency] Col ó n, US dollar (main circulating currency, 1 US dollar equals 8.75 Col ó n), Bitcoin (legislation passed in June 2021, exchange rate with the US dollar determined by the market).

The capital city is San Salvador, with an area of 72.25 square kilometers and a population of 695000 (as of 2021).

President Nayib Bukele assumed office on June 1, 2019 and was re elected on June 1, 2024 for a term of 5 years.

Independence Day: September 15th. Peace Day: January 16th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the northern part of Central America. It borders Honduras and Guatemala in the northeast and northwest respectively, with the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Gulf of Fonseca to the southeast. The coastline is 256 kilometers long. Except for the narrow plains along the southern coast, the rest are mountainous plateaus. There are many volcanoes within the territory, known as the "country of volcanoes". The average altitude is 650 meters. The entire region has a tropical climate with an average annual temperature of 28 ℃. The dry season is from November to April, and the rainy season is from May to October. Coastal and lowland climates are humid and hot, while mountainous climates are cool.

Originally inhabited by Native Americans. In 1524, it became a Spanish colony. The Central American Independence Treaty was signed on September 15, 1821. Joined the Confederation of Central America in 1823. On February 18, 1841, it broke away from the Central American Federation and established a republic. Subsequently, it engaged in multiple wars with neighboring countries. In 1907, the six Central American countries signed the Peace and Friendship Agreement. Since the 1930s, there have been frequent military coups and prolonged political turmoil. In 1979, a civil war broke out and left-wing guerrillas clashed fiercely with the military government. In 1989, the democratic system was restored and the right-wing held power for 20 consecutive years. In 1992, the right-wing government signed a peace agreement with left-wing guerrillas and ended the civil war. In 2009, the Marti Front, which originated from left-wing guerrillas, won its first election and came to power. In 2014, it won again in the election. On February 3, 2019, the new generation of political figure Buker was elected president, breaking the situation of left and right wings taking turns in power in Saudi Arabia's political arena. In February 2024, Bukkel was successfully re elected, becoming the first president to be re elected since the democratization of Saudi Arabia, and was inaugurated on June 1st.

On February 3, 2019, Buker, the candidate of the National Unity Alliance, was elected president with over 53% of the vote and took office on June 1, serving until May 2024. In December 2023, Bu resigned to run for re-election, and Vice President Uloa also resigned as his running mate. Bu's personal secretary Rodriguez (female) acted as the acting president. In February 2024, Bu won re-election with nearly 85% support in the general election and took office on June 1st.

The current Constitution came into effect on December 23, 1983. The country implements a representative democratic republic system of separation of powers, with the President as the head of state and the head of government, elected directly. In September 2021, the Constitutional Court of the Supreme Court of Saudi Arabia issued a resolution, ruling that the President may be re elected once and declaring the resolution effective immediately.

The Legislative Assembly adopts a unicameral system, with 84 original members elected through regional representation based on the proportion of population in each province. In July 2023, the Sa Legislative Assembly passed a resolution to reduce the number of parliamentary seats from 84 to 60. Members of parliament have a term of 3 years and are eligible for re-election. In February 2024, Sa held a new legislative assembly election, with a term from May 2024 to April 2027. Among them, the ruling party New Thought Party holds 54 seats, the opposition party Nationalist Republican Union holds 2 seats, the National Reconciliation Party holds 2 seats, the Salvadoran Christian Democratic Party holds 1 seat, and the Progressive Party holds 1 seat.

Ernesto Castro, a member of the New Thought Party, was re elected as the President of the Legislative Assembly and took office on May 1, 2024, with a term until April 2027.

Vice President F é lix Ulloa, Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexandra Hill Tinoco, Minister of Interior and Territorial Development Juan Carlos Bidegain, Minister of Justice and Public Security H é ctor Gustavo Villatoro, Minister of Finance Jerson Rogelio Posada, Minister of Economy Mar í a Luisa Hayem, Minister of Education and Technology Jos é Mauricio Pineda, and Minister of Defense Ren é Ren é Francis Merino, Minister of Labor and Social Security Oscar Rolando Castro（ Ó scar Rolando Castro, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Enrique Jos é Parada, Minister of Health Francisco Jos é Alab í, Minister of Public Works and Transport Edgar Rodr í guez Herrera, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources Fernando L ó pez, Minister of Tourism Morena Ileana Valdez, Minister of Culture Ra ú l Catillo, Minister of Housing and Urban Development Michelle Sol de Castro, Minister of Regional Development Maria O í az Philia Navarrete (female, Mar í a Ofelia Navarrete).

Previously, the country was divided into 14 provinces, with 262 cities under each province. In 2023, President Bukkel pushed to reduce the number of local cities to 44.

Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court, the General Prosecutor's Office, and other judicial institutions. The Supreme Court is composed of 15 justices (including the president), elected by the parliament for a term of 9 years, with one-third being re elected every 3 years. The term of office of the President of the Supreme Court is 3 years, and he/she can be re elected. The current dean, Henry Mej í as, will take office in September 2024 and serve until September 2027. The Attorney General is elected by Parliament for a term of 3 years and can be re elected. The current Attorney General Rodolfo Delgado will take office in January 2022 and serve until January 2025.

Main political parties:

(1) Nuevas Ideas: The ruling party. Established in October 2017 by the current President Bukkel. Registration was completed in August 2018. The party advocates taking the "new middle road", opposes corruption, privilege, and exclusivity, advocates intra party democracy, and supports pluralistic coexistence. The party has successively promulgated two party constitutions and held its first internal elections in March 2020, electing the leaders of the central, provincial, and municipal leadership institutions. It has officially established organizational structures at all levels within the party, including the National Committee, National Congress, National Election Committee, Moral Protection Committee, and local organizations. It is currently the largest party group in the parliament, holding 90% of the seats (54 out of 60). Party Chairman Zablah Bukele.

(2) Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA): the largest right-wing opposition party. The party was founded in 1981. In the early days, most members were estate owners. After 1989, they absorbed a large number of business entrepreneurs, and their political views tended to be moderate and pragmatic, advocating neoliberalism and open policies. He served continuously from 1989 to 2009. It is currently the second largest party group in the parliament, holding 2 seats. Party Chairman Erick Salguero.

(3) National Reconciliation Party (Partido de Concertaci ó n Nacional): a right-wing political party. The party was founded in 1961. He served four consecutive terms from 1962 to 1979. After 1979, its influence declined. It is currently the second largest party group in the parliament, holding 2 seats. Party Chairman Carlos Garc í a Saade.

(4) Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional: Due to the failure of the New Thought Party to complete registration before the 2019 general election candidate registration, Bukkel ran as a candidate for the party in July 2018 under the guise of the ruling party, the Uni ó n Nacional, in the previous term. The party was founded in 2010. Derived from the split of the Nationalist Republican Alliance. Self proclaimed center left political party, but with a political tone close to the right wing. Formerly the third largest party group in parliament, currently has no seats in the new parliament. Party Chairman Nelson Guardado.

(5) The Farabundo Mart í para la Liberaci ó n National Front, FMLN）： The left-wing opposition party. In October 1980, the Farabundo Marti People's Liberation Army, the National Resistance Armed Forces, the People's Revolutionary Army, the Central American Labor Revolutionary Party, and the Salvadoran Communist Party jointly formed the Anti Government Armed Front. In January 1992, the front signed a peace agreement with the government and became a legal political party in December. In 2009 and 2014, the party's candidates Funes and Sanchez won the general election respectively. It is gradually losing its influence and has no seats in the new parliament. General Secretary Oscar Ortiz.

[Important Person] Naib Bukel: President. Born on July 24, 1981 in the capital city of San Salvador. Palestinian descendants. In 2012, he was elected as the new mayor of Cuscatlan representing the Marti Front, and in 2015, he was elected as the mayor of San Salvador. In October 2017, he formed his own "New Thought" party and announced his participation in the 2019 presidential election. Elected president in February 2019 and inaugurated on June 1st. In December 2023, Bu resigned from the presidency to run for re-election. In February 2024, Bu won re-election with nearly 85% support in the general election, becoming the first president to be re elected since the democratization of Saudi Arabia. He took office on June 1 and served a five-year term.

The economy is mainly based on agriculture, with a weak industrial foundation. The COVID-19 and other factors have a certain impact on the economy of Saudi Arabia. The Sa government has taken a series of economic stimulus measures and achieved results, driving the economy to stabilize and improve, with an economic growth rate of 10.3% in 2021. In September 2021, Sa became the first country in the world to legalize Bitcoin. In 2022, the gross domestic product of Saudi Arabia will be 32.488 billion US dollars, with an economic growth rate of 2.6%, an inflation rate of 7.32%, and an unemployment rate of 8%. In 2023, the gross domestic product will be 34.015 billion US dollars, with an economic growth rate of 3.5%, and the sovereign debt rating will be upgraded from CCC+to B -. According to data from the Central Bank of Saudi Arabia, the country's economy is expected to grow by 3% -3.5% in 2024.

Foreign trade accounts for more than half of the gross domestic product. The main exports include coffee, cotton, sugar, shrimp, textiles, etc. The main export destinations are the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, and Nicaragua; The main sources of imported raw materials, fuels, industrial products, and daily consumer goods are the United States, China, Guatemala, and Mexico.

The total import and export volume of Saudi Arabia in 2022 was 24.223 billion US dollars, the highest value in nearly 10 years. Among them, the import volume was 17.108 billion US dollars and the export volume was 7.115 billion US dollars, with year-on-year growth of 17% and 11.3% respectively. In 2023, the export value of Saudi Arabia was 6.498 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.7%; Received overseas remittances of 8.182 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 43.8%.

Emphasizing the maintenance of national sovereignty and territorial integrity in foreign relations; Respect human rights and fundamental freedoms; Self determination and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; Peaceful resolution of disputes in accordance with international law; Seeking and maintaining international peace and security; Not threatening to use force; Support the establishment of a new international order based on equality, justice, and cooperation, and advocate for the democratization of international relations.

The location of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Central American Parliament, the Central American Integration System, the Guatemala Honduras Customs Union, and the Secretariat of the Central American Integration System. We attach great importance to developing traditional relations with the United States and Mexico, actively participate in the integration process of the Central American region, and assume the rotating presidency of the Central American Integration System (SICA) in the second half of 2023.