Guinea Passport

The Republic of Guinea, La R é publique de Guin é e.

【 Area 】 245857 square kilometers.

Population: 15.04 million (2022). There are more than 20 ethnic groups in China, of which Fula (also known as Pall) accounts for more than 33.9% of the national population, Malinkai accounts for more than 30%, and Susu accounts for about 20%. The official language is French. Each ethnic group has its own language, with the main languages being Susu, Malinke, and Fula (also known as Pall). About 85% of the residents in the country believe in Islam, 5% believe in Christianity, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

The capital city is Conakry, with a population of 2.2 million.

[Head of State] President Mamadi Doumbouya, inaugurated in October 2021.

Independence Day: October 2nd.

【 Overview 】 Located on the west coast of West Africa, it borders Guinea Bissau, Senegal, and Mali to the north, Cote d'Ivoire to the east, Sierra Leone and Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The coastline is about 352 kilometers long. The coastal areas have a tropical monsoon climate, while the inland areas have a tropical grassland climate. The annual average temperature is 24-32 ℃.

From the 9th to the 15th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Ghana and the Mali Empire. In the 15th century, Portuguese colonizers invaded and in 1885, it was designated as a French sphere of influence by the Berlin Conference. In 1893, it was named French Guinea. In the late 19th century, Samoli Dur established the Kingdom of Urasu and persisted in the struggle against France. At the beginning of the 20th century, Alpha Yaya led a large-scale armed uprising against France. On September 28, 1958, through a referendum, he refused to remain within the French Community. On October 2 of the same year, Guinea declared independence and established the Republic of Guinea, with S é gu é Tour é serving as its president. D ü rr ruled for a long time until his death in March 1984. In April of the same year, Colonel Lansana Conte launched a mutiny and established the Second Republic of Guinea. In 1992, several countries switched to a multi-party system. President Conte was elected in the first multi-party democratic presidential election held in December 1993 and was re elected twice in 1998 and 2003. In December 2008, President Conte passed away due to illness. The next day, some soldiers staged a coup and formed a transitional government in January 2009. In 2010, several military regimes announced the return of power to the people. In June and November of that year, two rounds of presidential elections were held, and Alpha Cond é, the chairman of the Guinea People's Union, won and was sworn in as president in December.

In October 2015, the presidential election was held, and Kong Dai was re elected as president and inaugurated in December. In October 2020, Guinea held presidential elections, and President Conte ran again and won re-election. In September 2021, some military personnel in Guinea detained President Conte, dissolved state institutions, announced that Guinea had entered a transitional period, and Dun Bouyey became president in October.

In March 2014, there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in several countries, which had a huge impact on various political, economic, and social fields. On December 29, 2015, the World Health Organization announced the end of several Ebola outbreaks. On June 1, 2016, the World Health Organization announced the end of several second Ebola outbreaks. This epidemic has caused over 3700 infections and more than 2000 deaths. In March 2020, several COVID-19 outbreaks occurred. Several governments quickly took measures such as activating health emergency response mechanisms, closing borders, and implementing curfews. In March 2021, COVID-19 Vaccination Plan will be launched. At present, the epidemic has been brought under control.

In March 2020, Guinea held a referendum on a new constitution, which was approved and announced for implementation on April 6th. The new constitution changes the presidential term from 5 years to 6 years, retains the provision of "renewable once", and removes the clause that "no one shall serve as president for more than two consecutive terms under any circumstances". In September 2021, the transitional government announced the suspension of the implementation of the current constitution, established the National Unity and Development Committee, and issued a transitional charter. In August 2024, the transitional government announced a new draft constitution, which is still in the stage of soliciting opinions.

The parliament adopts a unicameral system, with a total of 114 seats and members serving for 5 years. In September 2021, the transitional regime announced the dissolution of parliament. The National Transitional Council will be established in February 2022 to act as a temporary legislative body.

The current government was established in March 2024, with the following members: Amadou Oury BAH, Transitional Prime Minister and Head of Government; Yaga Kairaba KABA, Minister of Justice and Human Rights; Aboubacar Sidiki CAMARA, Minister of Defense; Ibrahima Kalil CONDE, Minister of Land Management and Decentralization; Bachir DIALLO, Minister of Security and Civil Protection; Morissanda KOUYATE, Minister of Foreign Affairs, African Integration and Overseas Chinese Affairs; and Finance Minister Mourana SOUMAH, Budget Minister Facinet SYLLA, and Planning and International Cooperation Minister Isma Nabe ë l NABE, Minister of Labor and Public Service Faya Fran ç ois BOUROUNO, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Djami DIALLO (female), Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Felix LAMAH, Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Oil and Gas Aboubacar CAMARA, Minister of Mines and Geology Bouna SYLLA, Minister of Infrastructure and Public Works Mahamadou Abdoulaye DIALLO, Minister of Transport and Government Spokesperson Ousmane Gaoual DIALLO, Postal, Rose Pola PriCEMOU, Minister of Telecommunications and Digital Economy, Mori Conde, Minister of Urbanization, Housing, Land Consolidation and Recovery of Stolen Property, Fatima CAMARA, Minister of Fisheries and Marine Economy, Diaka SIDIBE, Minister of Trade, Industry and Small and Medium Enterprises, Alpha Bacar Barry, Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Jean Paul CEDY, Minister of Pre University Education and Literacy, Aminata KABA, Minister of Technical Education, Vocational Training and Employment, Oumar Diouhe Ba, Minister of Health and Public Health Bah, Minister of Information and Media Fana SOUMAH, Minister of Youth and Sports Keamou Bogola HABA, Charlotte DAFFE, Minister for the Promotion of Women's Rights, Children and Vulnerable Groups, Moussa Mo ï se SYLLA, Minister for Culture, Tourism and Handicrafts, Benoit Kamano, Secretary General of the Government, and Elhadj Karamo DIAWARA, Secretary General for Religious Affairs.

The administrative divisions are divided into three levels: regions, provinces, and districts, with a total of 7 regions and 1 capital city, Conakry (at the same level as the regions), 33 provinces, and 304 districts.

There are two types of judicial institutions: ordinary courts and special courts. The ordinary courts include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the Court of First Instance, and the Court of Justice. The Supreme Court has three courts: Constitutional and Administrative, Civil, Criminal, Commercial and Social Affairs, and Audit. Special courts include the Supreme Court, Military Court, and Labor Court.

The multi-party system was implemented in April 1992. The main political parties are as follows:

(1) The Guinea People's Union (Rassemblement du Peuple de Guin é e) was founded in 1963. Registered on April 3, 1992, becoming a legal political party. The members are mostly members of the Malinke tribe. The purpose of the political party is to liberate the people of Guinea from all forms of oppression, unite all people, build a democratic and free society based on equality and universal love, and achieve national unity, ethnic independence, economic prosperity, and social justice. The candidate of the alliance, Alpha Cond é, was elected president in November 2010. In April 2012, the Guinea People's Union joined 44 political parties to form the ruling coalition, the Guinea People's Union Rainbow Alliance (RPG Arc en Ciel).

(2) Union des Forces D é mocratiques de Guin é e: opposition party. Established in September 1991. The purpose of the political party is to establish a democratic and rule of law country on the basis of achieving social unity and national reconciliation, to lift the country out of poverty, achieve sustainable development, and safeguard the legitimate rights and freedoms of all citizens. Chairman Cellou Dalein DIALLO served as Prime Minister from 2004 to 2006. In the presidential elections of June 2010 and October 2020, they both lost to Cond é.

(3) Union des Forces R é publicaines: opposition party. Established in 1992. The purpose of the political party is to achieve national reconciliation, establish a democratic and diversified society, and change the triple backwardness of the country's politics, economy, and society. President Sidya Tour é served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999.

(4) Union du Progr è s et du Renouveau (Union du Progr è s et du Renouveau): formed on September 15, 1998, by the merger of the former opposition parties, the New Republican Alliance and the Progressive Party. The members are mostly of the Pall ethnic group. The purpose of the political party is to establish a rule of law state with the separation of powers based on respect for freedom and guarantee of multi-party democracy, strengthen national unity and social cohesion, oppose all forms of ethnocentrism and regionalism, and achieve the goal of sustainable human development and national welfare, comprehensively promote economic, social, and cultural construction. Chairman Ousmane BAH.

[Important Person] President Mamadi Doumbouya, born in December 1980, of the Malinke ethnic group. In 2018, he was appointed as the commander of several special forces. In 2019, 2020, and 2024, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, and Major General respectively. Appointed as the President of the Transitional Government in October 2021.

Economy is the least developed country. The economy is mainly based on agriculture and mining, with a weak industrial foundation and insufficient self-sufficiency in food. Rich in natural resources, it is known as a 'geological miracle'. Aluminum and iron ore have large reserves and high grades, among which bauxite has the world's largest proven reserves. In addition, there are diamonds, gold, copper, uranium, cobalt, lead, zinc, and so on. Rich in water resources, it is the source of the three major rivers in West Africa and is known as the "West African Water Tower". There are 6 million hectares of arable land, of which 80% are uncultivated, providing unique conditions for agricultural development.

The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 22 billion US dollars.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 1462 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 7.1%.

Currency name: Franc guin é en.

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar=8625 Guinean francs.

Inflation rate: 7.8%.

(Source: September 2024 London Economic Quarterly Review)

The fiscal revenue and expenditure in recent years are as follows (as a percentage of GDP) (in billions of US dollars):