Guyana Passport

The Cooperative Republic of Guyana.

[Area] 215000 square kilometers.

Population: 776000 (2022). Among them, Indian Americans account for 43.5%, African Americans account for 30.2%, mixed race people account for 16.7%, and Native Americans account for 9.1%. English is the official language and lingua franca, as well as Creole, Urdu, Indian, and Hindi. 34.8% of residents believe in Protestant Christianity, 24.8% believe in Hinduism, 7.1% believe in Catholicism, and 6.8% believe in Islam.

Georgetown, the capital, has a population of approximately 250000.

[Head of State] President Mohamed Irfaan Ali, inaugurated on August 2, 2020, for a term of 5 years.

[Important Festival] Republic Day: February 23rd. Independence Day: May 26th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the northern part of South America. It borders Venezuela to the northwest, Brazil to the south, Suriname to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast. It belongs to the tropical rainforest climate, with an annual rainfall of 1500 to 2000 millimeters and an average annual temperature of 24-32 ℃. Since the 9th century AD, it has been a settlement for Native Americans. In the 15th century, the Spanish invaded, and in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was occupied by the Netherlands. In 1814, the Netherlands transferred it to Britain, and in 1831 it officially became a British colony, named British Guiana. Independence was declared on May 26, 1966. The Cooperative Republic of Guyana was established on February 23, 1970.

Since Gui's independence, the National People's Congress Party and the People's Progressive Party have taken turns governing. On March 2, 2020, Gui held a general election, and the People's Progressive Party won and came to power. The party's candidate Ali became the president. At present, the political situation in Guyana is stable.

The current Constitution came into effect on October 6, 1980. The Constitution stipulates that the President is the Head of State, the Head of Government, and the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, with a term of 5 years and the right to be re elected for two consecutive terms. The president has the power to dissolve parliament.

A unicameral parliamentary system. The parliament is composed of the National Assembly and the President, with a term of 5 years. The National Assembly has 65 seats, of which 40 are non constituency seats elected nationwide through proportional representation, and 25 are regional seats elected from 10 constituencies nationwide. Members are designated by their respective political parties. The current parliament was established on September 1, 2020, with Speaker Manzoor Nadir.

The current government was formed in August 2020. The main members include President Irfan Ali, Prime Minister Mark PHILLIPS, Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Hugh TODD, Senior Minister of Finance and Personnel Ashni Kumar Singh, Minister of Health Frank ANTHONY, Attorney General and Minister of Justice Mohabir Anil NANDLALL, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Governance Gail TEIXEIRA, Minister of Agriculture Zulfikar MUSTAPHA, and Minister of Culture, Youth and Minister of Sports Charles RAMSON Jr., Minister of Native American Affairs Pauline Sukey SUKHAI, Education Minister Priya MANICKHAND, Interior Minister Robeson BENN, Housing and Water Minister Collin David CROAL, Human Resources and Social Security Minister Vindhya PERSAUD, Labor Minister Joseph Linden Hamilton, Natural Resources Minister Vickram BHARRAT, Local Government Affairs Minister Sonia Savitri PARAG, Public Works Minister Juan Anthony EDGHILL, Tourism, Industry and Minister of Trade Oneidge WALROND and others.

The Supreme Court of the judiciary is composed of the Court of Appeal and the High Court. The current Acting President of the Court of Appeal, Yonette CUMMINGS-EDWARDS, and Acting President of the High Court, Roxane GEORGE-WILLSHIRE. The final court is the Caribbean Court of Justice.

Main political parties:

(1) The People's Progressive Party: Established in January 1950, it is the ruling party. General Secretary Bharrat Jagdeo.

(2) The People's National Congress: a core member of the opposition coalition. Burnham and others separated from the People's Progressive Party and formed it in 1959. Leader Aubrey Norton, Chairman Shurwayne HOLDER.

(3) Alliance for Change: Established in October 2005, known as the "Third Force", it was jointly formed by the former members of the Progressive Party and the Central Executive Committee of the National People's Congress. Leader Nigel Hughes, Chairman David Paterson.

Mohammad Ilfan Ali: President. Born on April 25, 1980 in Leonora Village, Third District, Guyana. Master's degree in Human Resource Planning and Development from Guru University in India, and PhD in Municipal and Regional Planning from the University of the West Indies. Joined the People's Progressive Party in 1997, served as the Central Executive Committee and Finance Secretary of the Party in 2004, became a member of the National Assembly in 2006, and served as the Minister of Housing and Water from 2009 to 2015, during which he also served as the Minister of Tourism, Industry, and Trade. From 2015 to 2019, he served as the spokesperson for the opposition party's financial affairs in parliament and the chairman of the parliament's public finance committee. Appointed as President in August 2020.

Guyana's economy is mainly based on the production of primary products, and since 2019, the oil industry has gradually become an emerging economic pillar, making Guyana one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. In recent years, the government of Guyana has implemented prudent macroeconomic policies and moderately expanded fiscal policies, fully utilizing oil and gas revenues and borrowing funds, vigorously promoting the construction of major infrastructure projects, and vigorously developing agriculture, tourism, and other industries to promote diversified development; By implementing measures such as transfer payments, tax reductions, and raising the minimum wage standard, we can increase people's income and improve the level of livelihood security in areas such as healthcare and education. With a small economy and weak risk tolerance, the COVID-19 has had different impacts on petroleum exploration, mining, forestry, fishery, tourism and other industries in Guyana. In 2022, the epidemic restriction measures will be fully liberalized. The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 16.5 billion US dollars (calculated at constant prices in 2012)

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 21200 US dollars

GDP growth rate: 33%, with oil and gas economy growing by 45.9% and non oil and gas economy growing by 11.7%

Currency Name: Guyanese Dollar

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar=208.5 Guyanese dollars, the exchange rate remains stable.

(Source: Guyana 2024 Budget Report)

Natural resources are abundant. The mineral deposits include bauxite, gold, diamonds, manganese, molybdenum, copper, tantalum, tungsten, nickel, uranium, etc. Among them, bauxite has abundant reserves of about 360 million tons. The forest area is 164000 square kilometers, accounting for 83% of the country's land area. Abundant hydraulic resources. The offshore oil resources are abundant, and the proven recoverable reserves are about 11 billion barrels.

The industry is mainly focused on mining and sugar production. Mainly extracting oil, bauxite, gold, manganese, and diamonds.

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries mainly plant rice and sugarcane, as well as coconuts, fruits, vegetables, etc. We are also experimenting with planting corn, soybeans, and other crops.

In recent years, the tourism industry has attached great importance to the development of tourism resources, but tourism resources are mostly concentrated in inland areas with backward infrastructure, which limits the development of tourism.

Transportation highways and waterways are concentrated in coastal areas.

Highway: with a total length of 7970 kilometers, including approximately 1300 kilometers of asphalt pavement.

Water transportation: There are 5900 kilometers of inland waterways, mainly including ferry services on the Essequibo River, Demolala River, and the Guisu border river, as well as passenger and freight transportation along the coastline. The capital city of Georgetown and New Amsterdam are the main ports.

Air Transport: Guyana has over 100 airports of various types, with the exception of Chedi Jagan International Airport and Eugene Correa International Airport in the capital, which operate international flights. All others are makeshift airports primarily used for domestic routes. There are international flights to countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Panama, Suriname, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic every week.

In 2023, the total central fiscal revenue of Guyana will be 2.87 billion US dollars, of which 1 billion US dollars will be extracted from natural resource funds. The total central fiscal expenditure will be 3.86 billion US dollars, and the deficit will account for 5.8% of the gross domestic product (source: Guyana 2024 Budget Report)

The main exports of foreign trade include crude oil, bauxite, gold, rice, sugar, timber, etc; Imported fuel, lubricants, machinery, steel, and plastic products, etc. The main trading partners are the United States, the European Union, China, Canada, and other member states of the Caribbean Community. (Source: Customs of trading partner countries)

Main economic groups:

(1) Private Sector Commission: Established in 1992. Address: 157 Waterloo St, North Cummingsburg, Georgetown, Guyana。

(2) Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry: Established in 1889. Address: 156 Waterloo Street, North Cummingsburg, Georgetown.

(3) Guyana Manufacturing and Services Association: Established in 1967. Address: 157 Walterloo Street, North Cummingburg, Georgetown.

The state provides pensions for the elderly and provides compensation for work-related accidents. The average life expectancy is 68.6 years, the population growth rate is 0.3%, the birth rate is 2.34%, and the mortality rate is 0.71%. (Source: Guyana 2024 Budget Report)

The Gui National Defense Force has 4150 active duty soldiers, including land, sea, and air forces. Implement a voluntary military service system with a service period of 3 years. The current Chief of Defense Staff, Brigadier General Omar KHAN, will assume office in April 2023.

Implement free compulsory education for teenagers aged 6 to 15. The adult literacy rate is about 88.5%.

The four major daily newspapers in Guyana: the Guyana Chronicle, founded by the government in 1881, is an official newspaper with a daily circulation of approximately 16000 copies; Guyana Times, founded in 2009, is a private newspaper with a circulation of approximately 22000 copies; Kaieteur News, founded in 1997, is a private newspaper with the highest daily circulation of approximately 23000 copies; Stabroek News, founded in 1986, is a privately owned newspaper with a daily circulation of 14000 copies.

Guyana Television (NCN) is the national television station that primarily broadcasts news from the British BBC and American CNN, as well as American and Indian films.

Adhere to an independent and non aligned foreign policy, and develop friendly and cooperative relations with other countries. The goal is to safeguard national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence, promote national economic and social development, and shape a good international image. We attach great importance to unity and cooperation with Caribbean countries, and actively promote the integration process of the Caribbean region. Formally joined the Caribbean Single Market in January 2006. As one of the founding members of the Caribbean Community and the location of its secretariat. From January to June 2024, Guyana will serve as the rotating chair of the Caribbean Community. Actively participating in the activities of the Non Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth, and the United Nations, and being a member of the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Union of South American Nations, and the Inter American Development Bank. Appointed as a non permanent member of the United Nations Security Council from January 2024 (with a term of two years).