Haiti Passport

The Republic of Haiti (La R é publique d'Ha ï ti).

【 Area 】 27800 square kilometers.

Population: 11.58 million (2022). 95% are black.

The official languages are French and Creole, with 90% of residents using Creole.

85% of residents believe in Catholicism, 15% believe in Protestantism, and Vodou is prevalent in rural areas.

The capital is Port au Prince, with a population of approximately 2.987 million. The highest temperature is 38 ℃ and the lowest temperature is 16 ℃.

Independence Day: January 1st. National Flag Day: May 18th. Haiti Discovery Day: December 5th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the northern Caribbean Sea, west of Hispaniola Island (also known as Haiti Island). It borders the Dominican Republic to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the north, and Cuba and Jamaica across the sea to the west. 75.8% of the country's territory is mountainous, while the rest is plains and plateaus. The coastline is over 1080 kilometers long. The northern region has a tropical rainforest climate, while the southern region has a tropical grassland climate. The annual average temperature is 25 ℃.

Originally inhabited by Native Americans, it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 and subsequently became a colony of Spain and France. On January 1, 1804, Haiti declared independence and became the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to do so. It was occupied by the United States from 1915 to 1934. The Duvalier family implemented dictatorship from 1957 to 1986. The first democratic elections were held in 1988. In 2004, turmoil erupted and President Aristide went into exile abroad, with the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (Haiti) stationed there. In October 2017, the United Nations Mission in Haiti ended its peacekeeping mission and was succeeded by the United Nations Justice Support Mission in Haiti. In November, Haiti announced the reconstruction of its military. In October 2019, the United Nations Justice Support Mission in Haiti ended its term and was succeeded by the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti. As of now, the authorization of the United Nations Office in Hainan has been extended until July 15, 2025. In October 2023, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution to dispatch a multinational security support mission to the sea. On June 25, 2024, the first batch of Kenyan police officers from the multinational security support mission arrived at sea.

On January 12, 2010, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 struck near the capital of Haiti, Port au Prince, causing at least 223000 deaths, nearly 1.5 million people affected, and direct economic losses of $14 billion. Cholera broke out in October, causing over 9000 deaths. On August 14, 2021, a 7.3 magnitude earthquake struck southern Haiti, causing serious casualties and property damage.

On November 20, 2016, the candidate of the skinhead party, Moise, was elected president. Moise took office on February 7, 2017. On July 7, 2021, President Moise was assassinated. After consultation, Ariel Henry was appointed as the Prime Minister. According to the relevant agreement, Henry must resign and organize a general election no later than February 7, 2024.

In early 2024, various types of protests and demonstrations erupted within Haiti. At the end of February, during Henry's overseas visit, the security situation in the capital Port au Prince deteriorated, armed gang violence escalated, multiple police stations were burned down, various public and private institutions were attacked, two large prisons were breached, more than 4000 prisoners escaped, and the capital's international airport was attacked and forced to close. On March 11th, the Caribbean Community held an emergency meeting on the crisis in Haiti and proposed a political transition plan for Haiti, with the establishment of the Transitional Presidential Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Transitional Council") as the main content. On the 12th, Henry announced his resignation and remained in office until the establishment of the Transitional Council. On April 25th, the Transitional Council was sworn in. On the same day, Prime Minister Henry officially resigned. On May 28th, the Transitional Council appointed Garry Conille as Prime Minister. On June 12th, the inauguration ceremony of the new government of Haiti was held. On October 7th, according to the rotating chairmanship system and relevant regulations of the Transitional Council, Edgar Lebron Fez stepped down as the first chairman, and Leslie Voltaire took over as the second chairman.

The current Constitution was passed on March 29, 1987, and was suspended from June 1988 to March 1989. Subsequently, a few provisions were abolished. The Constitution stipulates that Haiti is an indivisible, sovereign, independent, free, and democratic republic; National sovereignty belongs to all citizens; The separation of powers is a sacred principle, with the National Assembly having legislative power and the President and the Cabinet led by the Prime Minister sharing executive power; The government is accountable to the parliament, which has the power to impeach the government; Citizens directly elect the president and members of parliament; The presidential term is 5 years and cannot be re elected, with a maximum term of two terms. The amendment of the constitution requires the consent of two-thirds of the members of both the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The National Assembly is divided into two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of parliament are directly elected by citizens. Senators serve a six-year term and elect one-third of their members every two years. The term of office for members of the House of Representatives is four years, with all members being elected every four years. Both members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are eligible for re-election. The President of the Senate also serves as the Speaker of the National Assembly, with a term of one year. The Speaker of the House of Representatives also serves as the Vice Speaker of the National Assembly, with a term of one year. The previous National Assembly was established in January 2016. At present, all members of the House of Representatives and the Senate have expired and are in a state of no parliament.

The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and approved by the Parliament. The Cabinet is composed of the Prime Minister and the President. The number of cabinet ministers in each term shall not be less than 10, and the Prime Minister may decide to increase or decrease them at his discretion. The new transitional government Prime Minister Koniye formed a cabinet in June 2024, consisting of 18 ministries and 14 ministers. The main cabinet members include the Minister of the Interior (concurrently serving as Prime Minister), the Minister of Justice and Public Security Carlos Hercule, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship and Minister of Overseas Chinese Dominique Dupuy (female), and the Minister of Economy and Finance and Minister of Planning and External Cooperation Ketleen Florestal (female).

The country is divided into 10 provinces, with 42 districts under each province and 144 municipalities under each district.

The judicial system includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, Magistrates' Court, and Special Courts. The Supreme Court has a total of 12 justices, of whom 10 are appointed by the President and the remaining 2 are elected by the Senate. The Supreme Court currently has three justices, with former Chief Justice Ren é SYLVESTRE passing away due to illness in July 2021, and his successor is yet to be determined.

In 2013, the Haitian Parliament revised the Electoral Law, which stipulated that the founders of legal political parties should not be less than 20 people. Currently, there are over a hundred legally registered political parties, mainly including:

(1) Fanmi Lavalas: Founded by former President Aristide in October 1996. The overall coordinator is former President Jean Bertrand Aristide. At present, it is a party formed by the Transitional Council, represented by Leslie VOLTAIRE, the candidate for the 2010 Haitian presidential election.

(2) Platf ò m Pitit Desalin: a left-wing political party founded in 2014. The current General Secretary is former Senator Mo ï se JEAN-CHARLES. At present, it is a party formed by the Transitional Council, represented by Emmanuel Verdilaire, the pre-trial judge of the former Cap Ha ï tien.

(3) Les Engag é s pour le D é evelopment: created in 2021, founded and currently chaired by former interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph. Form a political alliance with other political parties, the National and Sovereign Reconciliation Alliance, the Party for Development, and the Historical Inclusiveness, to participate in the Transition Committee, represented by former Haitian Ambassador to the Dominican Republic, Smith AUGUSTIN.

(4) The Light Headed Party (Parti Ha ï tien T è t Kal é, PHTK）： Established by then President Martelly in August 2012. Originally the largest party in parliament, former President Moise fell apart after his assassination. The current chairman is Lin é BALTHAZAR.

(5) Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID): Established in 1995, the overall leader is former President Evans Paul.

(6) Inite: A center left political party formed in September 2009 by former President Pr é val and some members of his previously led Platform de l'Espoir. The current party chairman is former member of parliament Paul DENIS.

(7) Ligue Alternative pour le Progr è s et l'Emancipation Ha ï tienne, LAPEH）： Established in 2015. The overall coordinator is Jude CELESTIN.

(8) The People's Democratic Party (Secteur D é mocratique et Populaire), SDP）， Established in October 2018, the current leader is Andr é MICHEL.

[Important figure] Prime Minister Gary Conier, Crown Prince Hong Kong, holds a medical doctorate degree. Expert in the field of public health, with long-term employment in the United Nations system. From 2011 to 2012, he briefly served as Prime Minister during the tenure of former President Martelly.

Foreign Minister Dominique Dupuy, a native of Cape Verde, is proficient in English, French, Spanish, and Creole. Formerly served as the Permanent Representative of Hai to UNESCO, Vice Chairman of the UNESCO Executive Board, and member of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.

【 Economy 】 Belonging to the least developed countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the economy is mainly based on agriculture and relies on foreign aid. The domestic political turmoil, the COVID-19 and natural disasters have had a major impact on the Haitian economy. Prices have soared, unemployment has increased, and people's lives are difficult. The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 21.53 billion US dollars

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 1600 US dollars

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate:- 1.9%

Inflation rate: 31.8%

Currency Name: Good

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 132 gourdes (April 2024)

(Information)

[Foreign trade] It mainly exports coffee, cocoa, mango, essence oil and processed products, and imports food, fuel (refined oil), industrial manufactured products, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment and consumer goods. The main trading partners are the United States and the European Union.

We have no diplomatic relations with each other. It is a member of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Inter American Development Bank, and Caribbean Community. More than 30 international and regional organizations have permanent offices in the sea. The international community has provided long-term economic assistance to the sea.