Hungary Passport

【 Country Name 】 Hungary (Magyarorsz á g).

【 Area 】 93023 square kilometers.

Population: 9.58 million (as of January 2024). The main ethnic group is the Hungarian (Magyar) ethnic group, accounting for about 90%. Ethnic minorities include Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, Germans, and others. The official language is Hungarian. The residents mainly believe in Catholicism (66.2%) and Christianity (17.9%).

【 Capital 】 Budapest. The population is 1.774 million (2024).

【 Head of State 】 Sulyok Tam á s, inaugurated on March 5, 2024, for a term of 5 years.

[Important Festival] March 15th: Commemoration Day of the 1848 Revolution and Freedom Struggle; August 20th: Hungarian National Day; October 23rd: Commemoration Day of the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Struggle, as well as the founding of the Republic in 1989.

[Overview] Central European landlocked countries. It borders Romania and Ukraine to the east, Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia to the south, Austria to the west, and Slovakia to the north, with a total border length of 2246 kilometers. It belongs to a continental climate, cool and humid, with an average annual temperature of 10 ℃, an average summer temperature of 21.7 ℃, an average winter temperature of -1.2 ℃, and an average annual precipitation of about 630 millimeters.

In 896 AD, the Magyar nomadic tribes migrated from the western foothills of the Urals and the Volga River Bay to the Danube Basin. In the year 1000, Saint Stephen established a feudal state and became the first king of Hungary. In 1526, Türkiye invaded and the Hun feudal country disintegrated. In 1541, Hungary was divided into three parts, which were respectively ruled by the Türkiye Sultan, the Hapsburg Dynasty and the Archduke Eldai. Since 1699, the entire territory has been ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. The revolutionary struggle for freedom broke out in 1848. The Republic of Hungary was established in April 1849. The Austro Hungarian Empire was established in 1867. The Hungarian Soviet Republic was established in March 1919. On August 20, 1949, the Hungarian People's Republic was declared and a constitution was promulgated. The Hungarian Incident broke out in October 1956. On October 23, 1989, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Hungary. In January 2012, Hungary adopted a new constitution and changed its name to Hungary.

In April 2022, Hungary held parliamentary elections, and the coalition formed by the ruling party, the Young Democrats' Union (Fidesz), and the Christian Democratic People's Party (Christian Democratic Party) won the election; Democratic Alliance, Power Movement, Socialist Party, Ubik Conservative Party, Our Motherland Party, Dialogue Green Party, and Green Party have entered parliament. On May 16th, Orban, the chairman of the Youth Democratic League, was re elected as prime minister.

On October 18, 1989, the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment, which made significant changes to the constitution and established Hungary as a multi-party parliamentary democracy, establishing an independent, democratic, and rule of law country, and implementing the principle of separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. In 2011, the Youth Democratic League pushed for the National Assembly to pass a constitutional amendment, and the new constitution came into effect on January 1, 2012.

The parliament is the legislative body and the highest authority of the state, implementing a unicameral system. According to the new Electoral Law of Hungary, the number of seats in the Hungarian parliament has been reduced to 199 since 2014, with universal suffrage held every four years. The current parliament in May 2022 is composed of members from the Green Democratic Party, Christian Democratic Party, Democratic Alliance, Dynamic Movement, Socialist Party, Ubik Conservative Party, Our Motherland Party, Dialogue Green Party, Green Party, Independent Members of Parliament, and Hungarian German (Minority) Members of Parliament. There are 16 standing committees under Congress. The Congress is divided into spring and autumn sessions each year. The President of the National Assembly, K Ö V É R L á szl ó, was re elected in May 2022.

The highest administrative body of the country. According to the law, each minister is nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President. The current government was formed in May 2022 and has undergone multiple adjustments. The main departments currently include: the Prime Minister's Office, the Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Construction and Transport, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Culture and Innovation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Economic Cooperation, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of National Economy, the Ministry of European Affairs, the Ministry of Energy, and the Ministry of Public Administration and Regional Development. Government members: Prime Minister ORB Á N Viktor, Prime Minister's Office Minister GULY Á S Gergely, Prime Minister's Office Minister ROG Á N Antal, Agriculture Minister NAGY Istv á n, Interior Minister PINT É R S á ndor, Construction and Transport Minister L Á Z Á R J á nos, Defense Minister SZALAY-BOBROVNICZKY Krist ó f, Justice Minister Tucson Bambang TUZSON Bence, Minister of Culture and Innovation Hank Ó Bal á zs, Minister of Foreign Affairs and External Economic Affairs SZIJJ Á RT Ó P é ter, Minister of Finance VARGA Mih á ly, Minister of National Economy Nagy Marton M á rton, EU Affairs Minister B Ó KA J á nos, Energy Minister LANTOS Csaba, Public Administration and Regional Development Minister NAVRACSICS Tibor, and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Ethnic and Church Policy and External Affairs SEMJ É N Zsolt.

[Website] Presidential Office: http://www.keh.hu

Prime Minister's Office: http://www.kormany.hu./hu/miniszterelnokseg

Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www.kormany.hu/hu/kulgazdasagi-es-kulugyminiszterium

The country is divided into the capital and 19 states, with 24 prefecture level cities, 274 cities, and 2854 townships established. The capital is Budapest.

The courts and procuratorates are national judicial institutions. The court is divided into four levels: the Supreme Court, regional courts, state courts, and local courts, implementing a two instance and final instance system; The procuratorial organs are divided into three levels: the Supreme Procuratorate, regional procuratorates, and state procuratorates. The current President of the Supreme Court, Dr. VARGA Andr á s, took office in January 2021 for a term of 9 years. POLT P é ter, the President of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, was elected in December 2010 and re elected in December 2019 for a term of 9 years. The Constitutional Court has been established since January 1990, and the current president, Dr. Juh á sz Imre, was elected on June 11, 2024.

There are over 200 registered political parties, most of which were established in the late 1980s. Currently, there are 9 political parties in Congress.

(1) FIDESZ: The ruling party. Established on March 30, 1988, the main members are young intellectuals. Current Chairman Orb Á N Viktor.

(2) Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP): The ruling party. Established on September 30, 1989, the main members are Christian believers who support the right-wing. The current chairman is SEMJ É N Zsolt.

(3) Democratic Alliance (Demokratikus Koal í ci ó): opposition party. Established on November 22, 2011, it is composed of individuals who separated from the Socialist Party. The main members are intellectuals. Current Chairman GYURCS Á NY Ferenc.

(4) Momentum Mozgalom: opposition party. Established in the spring of 2015, the main members are young people. The current chairman is TOMPOS M á rton.

(5) Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista P á rt): opposition party. Established on October 7, 1989, the main members are intellectuals, employees, and entrepreneurs. The current co chairs are KUNHALMI Á gnes and KOMJ Á THI Imre.

(6) Jobbik Konzervat í vok: opposition party. Established on October 24, 2003, the main members are young people. The current chairman is GY Ö NGY Ö SI M á rton.

(7) Our Motherland Party (Mi Haz á nk Mozgalom): the opposition party. Established on August 20, 2018, composed of individuals who separated from the Ubik Party. The current chairman, TOROCZKAI L á szl ó.

(8) Dialogue - Green Party (A P á rbesz é d - A Z ö ldek P á rtja): opposition party. Established on February 17, 2013, it is mainly composed of individuals who have separated from the Green Party, with the main members being young intellectuals. The current co chairs are BARAB Á S Rich á rd and Szab ó Rebeka.

(9) Green Party (Lehet m á s a Politika): opposition party. Established on February 26, 2009, the main members are young intellectuals. The current co chairs are SCHUMUCK Erzs é bet (female) and UNG Á R P é ter.

Other opposition parties include the Respect and Freedom Party (TISZA p á rt), the Double tailed Dog Party (K é tfark ú kutya p á rt), and the Hungarian Workers' Party (Magyar Munk á sp á rt).

[Important Person] Shuyuk Domash: President. Born on March 24, 1956 in Kishkonfrejihazo. Graduated from Yurov Attila University (now Segde University) in 1980. From 2000 to 2014, he served as the Honorary Consul of Austria in Hungary. In September 2014, he was elected as a Grand Justice of the Hungarian Constitutional Court by the National Assembly. From April 2015 to November 2016, he served as the Vice President of the Constitutional Court, and from November 2016 to February 2024, he served as the President of the Constitutional Court. Elected as the new President of Hungary in February 2024 and inaugurated in March.

Orban Victor: Prime Minister. Born on May 31, 1963 in Saikeshburg. Graduated from Roland University Law School. Joined the Youth Democratic League in 1988 and was one of its founders. Since 1993, he has served as the chairman of the Youth Democratic League. He served as a Member of Parliament since 1990 and as Prime Minister from 1998 to 2002. He was reappointed as Prime Minister in May 2010. Re elected as Prime Minister in June 2014, May 2018, and May 2022.

Gervais Laszlo: President of Congress. Born on December 29, 1959 in the state of Veszpr é m. Graduated from Roland University with a major in law in 1986. One of the founders of the Youth Democratic League. Elected as a member of parliament in 1990, appointed as the Minister in charge of intelligence in 1998, and served as the chairman of the Youth Democratic League from 2000 to 2001. In 2002, he served as the Chairman of the National Security Committee of the National Assembly and the Vice Chairman of the Youth Democratic League parliamentary group. Elected as the President of Congress in July 2010. Re elected as President of the National Assembly in June 2014, May 2018, and May 2022.

【 Economy 】 It is a moderately developed country and a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The economic goal is to establish a market economy based on private ownership. The economic transition is smooth, privatization is basically completed, and the market economy system has been established. At present, the output value of the private economy accounts for about 86% of the gross domestic product. The main economic data are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 75.04 trillion forints (approximately 1964 billion euros).

Per capita GDP: 20500 euros.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate:- 0.8%.

Currency name: Forint.

Exchange rate: 1 euro ≈ 401.3 forint; 1 USD ≈ 367.3 HUF (October 2024).

Inflation rate: 3.0% (September 2024).

Unemployment rate: 4.2% (August 2024).

[Information]

Natural resources are relatively scarce. The main mineral resource is bauxite, which ranks third in Europe in terms of reserves. In addition, there are small amounts of lignite, oil, natural gas, uranium, iron, manganese, etc. The forest coverage rate is 20.9%.

Industry has developed rapidly. The main industrial industries include automobile manufacturing, electronic optical products, food and tobacco production, rubber and plastic manufacturing, electrical equipment, chemical products, wood processing, and pharmaceutical production. In 2023, the industrial gross domestic product decreased by 5.2% year-on-year, with a total output value of 57.2 trillion forints. In 2023, there will be 1.465 million industrial employees, accounting for 31% of the total employed population in China.

Agriculture and animal husbandry have a good foundation in agriculture. Mainly planted are wheat, corn, sugar beets, potatoes, grapes, etc. The agricultural land area is 5.1108 million hectares. The average yield of wheat per hectare in 2023 is 5630 kilograms, and the yield of corn is 8170 kilograms. In 2023, there will be 83700 employees in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries, accounting for approximately 4.3% of the total employed population in China.

The service industry is developing rapidly. The privatization of various small shops, restaurants, hotels, and other service outlets has been completed. In 2022, there will be 128340 retail stores nationwide, with a total retail sales of 1708.59 billion forints. In 2023, the service industry employed 3.053 million people, accounting for approximately 64.6% of the national employment.

The tourism industry is relatively developed. In 2023, foreign tourists came to Hungary 49.403 million times, earning 3136.737 billion forints. In 2023, there will be 180000 employees in the tourism industry, accounting for approximately 3.8% of the national employment. Main tourist attractions: Budapest, Lake Balaton, Danube Bay, Mount Matrau.

At present, a railway and highway network centered around the capital and connecting to the whole country and neighboring countries has been formed.

Railway: The total length is 7907 kilometers, including 3221 kilometers of electrified railway. 8713 trucks and 2003 buses. In 2023, the turnover of goods will be 10.627 billion ton kilometers, and the turnover of passengers will be 10.392 billion person kilometers.

Highway: The total length is 32600 kilometers, including 1324 kilometers of expressways. The total number of motor vehicles held in China in 2023 is 5.081 million. The turnover of goods is 33.16 billion ton kilometers, and the turnover of passengers is 11.232 billion person kilometers.

Water transportation: The waterway is 1638 kilometers long. Water transportation only plays an auxiliary role in Hungarian transportation.

Air freight: The total number of flights in 2023 is 46831, with a cargo throughput of 52000 tons and a passenger throughput of 4.831 million. 2 international airports: Budapest Liszt Ferenc Airport and Debrecen Airport.

Pipeline transportation: In 2021, the total length of the pipeline was 8125 kilometers, with a total transportation capacity of 5.07 billion ton kilometers.

The total import and export volume in 2023 is 289.2 billion euros. The import volume of foreign trade was 140 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 3.5%; The export value was 149.2 billion euros, an increase of 2.5% year-on-year; The foreign trade surplus is 9.2 billion euros. In 2023, Hungary's import and export trade with EU countries accounted for 69.16% and 77.10% of Hungary's total import and export volume, respectively.

Actively encourage the absorption of foreign capital. Mainly concentrated in industries such as processing, automobile manufacturing, trade, transportation and communication, finance, and real estate. European countries are the main sources of foreign investment. Among them, Germany is the largest source of foreign investment in Hungary, followed by Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, and France. The main investment countries in Hungary in the Asian region are China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and India.

We attach great importance to improving and enhancing the living standards of residents, continuously increasing pensions, family subsidies, and subsidies for childbirth and child rearing. In addition, preferential subsidies are implemented in areas such as healthcare, education, culture, sports, and tourism. The per capita monthly income in 2023 is 570000 forint. As of December 2022, there are 1.99 million retirees in China, accounting for 20.6% of the total population, and related expenses account for 8% of GDP. In 2022, there were a total of 44727 doctors, 66655 hospital beds, and 3133 pharmacies in China.

In February 1990, the Hungarian People's Army was renamed the Hungarian Defense Forces. In March 1999, Hungary officially joined NATO. The Constitution stipulates that the President is the supreme commander of the armed forces. The Ministry of National Defense is the highest military leadership body. The compulsory military service system was abolished in December 2004. President Shuyuk serves as the Commander of the National Defense Forces, while General B ö r ö ndi G á bor L á szl ó serves as the Chief of the General Staff.

Education: Implement a 12 year compulsory education system, with free enrollment for young children in daycare and free primary education. Duration: 8 years for primary school, 4 years for secondary school (including vocational school), 4-6 years for university, and 7 years for medical university. In addition to public schools, there are also church schools, private schools, and foundation schools. In September 1986, the new Education Law was implemented to expand the business and economic autonomy of various schools and promote the democratization of school life. The first Higher Education Law was passed in 1993.

The national newspapers with a large circulation include: Hungarian National Newspaper, founded in 1938 with a circulation of 16000 copies in 2023; Hungarian News, founded in 1968, with a circulation of 9000 copies in 2022; The Voice of the People, founded in 1873, has a circulation of 22000 copies in 2023; World Economic Journal, founded in 1969.

News Agency: Hungarian News Agency, state-owned, established in 1880.

Magazines: The main magazines include World Economic Weekly and Budapest Time Magazine.

Main radio stations: Kosut Radio Station, Pedofei Radio Station, and Bartok Radio Station are all state-owned radio stations. In addition, there are Juventus Radio and Danube Radio, both of which are commercial radio stations.

Main television stations: State owned television stations include Hungarian Television (MTV), established in 1957; Danube Television was established in 1992. Private television stations include RTL Klub Television, established in 1997; TV2 Television Station was established in 1997.

Actively participate in EU and NATO affairs. Joined NATO in March 1999 and the European Union in May 2004. Formally joined the Schengen Agreement in December 2007. Appointed as the rotating presidency of the European Union in the first half of 2011. To assume the rotating presidency of the European Union in the second half of 2024.

The main diplomatic objectives and tasks are to ensure national security, serve domestic economic development, and improve people's livelihoods; Efficiently respond to the challenges of globalization; Strengthen cooperation between China and Europe, actively participate in the construction of European integration; Strengthen the unity of the Huns. We attach great importance to developing relations with European countries, especially neighboring countries, and have frequent exchanges with Western Balkan countries, supporting their accession to the European Union. We attach great importance to developing relations with countries in the Asia Pacific region and strengthening exchanges with developing countries. We propose the strategy of "opening up to the east" and strive to become a trade bridge between Asia and Europe.