Iran Passport

[Country Name] The Islamic Republic of Iran.

【 Area 】 1.645 million square kilometers

The population is 88.55 million. The provinces with relatively concentrated populations include Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, and East Azerbaijan. The population of the country is 66% Persians, 25% Azerbaijanis, 5% Kurds, and the rest are Arabs, Turkmen and other ethnic minorities. The official language is Persian. Islam is the state religion, with 98.8% of residents adhering to it, of which 91% are Shia and 7.8% are Sunni.

Tehran, the capital, has a population of over 14 million and an average elevation of 1220 meters. The month with the highest annual temperature is July, with an average minimum and maximum temperature of 22 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively; The month with the lowest annual temperature is January, with an average minimum and maximum temperature of 3 ℃ and 7 ℃, respectively.

[Currency] Toman.

The Supreme Leader, Seyyed Ali Khamenei, has held this position since June 1989.

President Masoud Pezeshkian was elected and inaugurated in July 2024.

[Main Festival] Islamic Revolution Victory Day: February 11th; Iranian New Year: March 21st.

[Overview] It is located in the southwest of Asia, adjacent to Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Türkiye, Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south, and facing Russia and Kazakhstan across the Caspian Sea in the north. It is known as the "Eurasian Land Bridge" and the "East West Air Corridor". The coastline is 2700 kilometers long. There are many plateaus within the territory, with basins and deserts in the east. It has a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, and most areas are dry with little rainfall.

Iran is an ancient civilization with a history of four to five thousand years, known as Persia. In the 6th century BC, the ancient Persian Empire was at its peak. After the 7th century AD, Arabs, Turks, Mongolians, and Afghans successively invaded and ruled Iraq. In the late 18th century, the Khagana tribe of Turkmen people in northeastern Iran unified Iran and established the Khagana dynasty. After the 19th century, Iran became a semi colony of Britain and Tsarist Russia. In 1925, the Pahlavi dynasty was established. From 1978 to 1979, Khomeini led the Islamic Revolution and overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. On February 11, 1979, Khomeini officially came to power and established the Islamic Republic on April 1, with Khomeini becoming the supreme leader.

After the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, a system of political and religious unity was implemented. In June 1989, Khomeini passed away and former President Khamenei succeeded him as the Supreme Leader. Afterwards, Rafsanjani, Khatami, Ahmadinejad, Rouhani, and Lehi successively served as the President of Iran. In July 2024, former First Deputy Speaker Pezehiziyan was elected as the 14th President of Iran and was sworn in on July 30th.

The first constitution was promulgated in December 1979 after the Islamic Revolution, which stipulated the system of unity of government and religion in Iran and Pakistan. In April 1989, Iran made partial amendments to the constitution, emphasizing that the Islamic faith, system, rules, republican system, and the absolute power of the supreme leader cannot be changed. In July of the same year, Khamenei officially approved the new constitution passed by a national referendum.

The Islamic Parliament is the highest legislative body in Iran, implementing a unicameral system. Laws passed by parliament must be approved by the Constitutional Guardianship Committee before they can take effect. There are a total of 290 members of parliament, elected directly by voters for a term of 4 years. The parliament has a presidium and 12 specialized committees. The presidium is composed of 12 members, including the speaker, two vice speakers, three officials, and six secretaries. The term of office is one year, and after the term of office expires, the members can vote for re-election and be re elected. The 12th parliamentary election will be held in March 2024, and Kalibav will be re elected as Speaker.

The President is the head of state and implements a presidential cabinet system. There is no Prime Minister, and the First Vice President presides over the daily work of the government and attends multilateral meetings attended by government leaders. At the same time, there are several vice presidents who assist in managing other specialized affairs. The current First Vice President is Mohammed Reza Aref.

There are a total of 31 provinces in China in terms of administrative divisions.

The Judicial Director is the highest authority in the national judicial system, appointed by the Supreme Leader for a term of 5 years. The President of the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor General are appointed by the Director of Justice for a term of 5 years. The Minister of Justice is recommended by the Director of Justice, appointed by the President, approved by Parliament, and responsible for coordinating the relationship between executive and judicial powers. Under the leadership of the Director of Justice, there are also Administrative Justice Courts and the State Supervision Administration, which respectively hear lawsuits filed by the public against government agencies and supervise the work of state agencies. The current Director of Justice, Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejheyi, the President of the Supreme Court, Mohammad Jafar Montazeri, and the Attorney General, Mohammad Movahedi Azad.

The Constitutional Guardianship Committee is composed of 12 members, including 6 religious jurists appointed directly by the Supreme Leader, and 6 ordinary jurists selected by the Judicial Director from among the jurists and recommended to the Parliament for a term of 6 years after approval by the Parliament. Mainly responsible for supervising expert meetings, presidential and Islamic parliamentary elections, and referendums, approving parliamentary qualifications and interpreting the constitution; Deliberate and confirm bills passed by the parliament, determine whether they are in conflict with Islamic doctrine and the constitution, and if so, return them to the parliament for reconsideration and revision. If there is a dispute with the parliament over the bill and it cannot be resolved, it shall be submitted to the National Interest Committee for arbitration. The head of the committee is the Secretary of the Constitutional Guardianship Committee, and the current Secretary is Ahmad Janati.

The National Interest Committee was established in March 1988 and was confirmed by the Constitution in July 1989. The main responsibility is to provide advice and strategies for the Supreme Leader in formulating national policies, assist the Supreme Leader in supervising and implementing various policies, and arbitrate when there are differences in proposals between the parliament and the Constitutional Guardianship Committee. The current chairman is Sadegh Larijani.

The Constitution passed in 1979 stipulates that the Expert Conference is a permanent institution composed of 88 jurists and religious scholars elected by referendum. Its responsibility is to select and dismiss the Supreme Leader. Two meetings are held annually. The 6th Expert Meeting was established through elections in March 2024 and officially assumed its duties at the end of May. The current chairman is Mohammadali Movahedi Kermani.

[Important Person] Sayyid Ali Khamenei: Supreme Leader. Born in the holy city of Mashhad in eastern Iran in 1939. In 1958, he went to study at the Qom Theological Seminary. After 1963, he was arrested and exiled multiple times for participating in anti Pahlavi activities. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, he served as a member of the Revolutionary Committee, Deputy Minister of Defense, Commander of the Revolutionary Guard Corps, Tehran City Imam, Secretary of the Islamic Republican Party, Chairman of the Supreme Defense Council, and President. After Khomeini's death in June 1989, he succeeded as the Supreme Leader and concurrently served as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. He visited China as the President in May 1989. Married with 6 children.

Masoud Pezehizyan: President. Born in September 1954. Cardiac surgeon. He has served as the Deputy Minister and Minister of Health, and has been elected as a member of parliament for five consecutive terms since 2008, including serving as the First Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2020. Elected as the 14th President in July 2024.

Mohammad Bagher Calibaf: Speaker. Born in August 1961. Served as Commander of the Revolutionary Guard Air Force, Commander of the Security Forces, and Commander of the Anti Smuggling Headquarters. He served as the Mayor of Tehran from 2005 to 2017. Elected as Speaker in May 2020 and re elected in May 2024.

【 Economy 】 Rich in oil, the oil industry is one of the pillars of the economy and the main source of foreign exchange income, with oil income accounting for more than half of foreign exchange income. In recent years, factors such as US sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran's economic growth. According to World Bank statistics, Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to reach approximately 401.5 billion US dollars in 2023, with a per capita GDP of 4500 US dollars.

[Resources] There are abundant reserves of oil, natural gas, and coal. The proven oil reserves are 158 billion barrels, ranking fourth in the world, and the proven natural gas reserves are 33.9 trillion cubic meters, ranking second in the world. In 2023, Iran's daily crude oil production is about 2.85 million barrels, with an average daily export volume of about 1.1 million barrels.

Other mineral resources are also very abundant, with huge recoverable amounts. At present, 3800 mines have been identified with mineral reserves of 27 billion tons; Among them, the iron ore reserves are 4.7 billion tons; Copper reserves amount to 3 billion tons (with an average ore grade of 0.8%), accounting for approximately 5% of the world's total reserves and ranking third in the world; The zinc ore reserves are 230 million tons (with an average grade of 20%), ranking first in the world; Chromium ore reserves of 20 million tons; The gold reserves are 150 tons. In addition, there are abundant mineral resources such as manganese, antimony, lead, boron, barite, marble, etc. At present, 56 types of minerals have been mined, with an annual output of 150 million tons, accounting for 0.55% of the total reserves and 1.2% of the global total mineral production.

The industry is mainly focused on oil extraction, as well as refining, steel, electricity, textiles, automobile manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, food processing, building materials, carpets, household appliances, chemicals, metallurgy, papermaking, cement, and sugar production. However, the foundation is relatively weak, and most industrial raw materials and spare parts rely on imports.

Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy. Iran has abundant agricultural resources, with a total arable land area of over 52 million hectares, accounting for more than 30% of its land area. The cultivated area is 18 million hectares, including 8.3 million hectares of irrigated arable land and 9.4 million hectares of dry land. The agricultural population accounts for 43% of the total population, and the per capita arable land of farmers is 5.1 hectares. The degree of agricultural mechanization is relatively low, with a total of 13000 integrated harvesters and 360000 tractors respectively. In recent years, the Iranian government has attached great importance to and vigorously developed agriculture, with a food self-sufficiency rate of 90%.

The tourism industry has a civilization history of thousands of years, rich in natural geography and ancient civilization heritage. Before the Islamic Revolution in Iran, millions of tourists visited Iran every year. The Iran Iraq War caused significant damage to Iran's tourism industry. Since 1991, the Iranian government has been actively committed to developing the tourism industry, and the tourism industry has gradually recovered. Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Yazd, Kerman, and Mashhad are the main tourist destinations in Iran.

Foreign trade mainly exports oil, natural gas, metal ores, leather, carpets, fruits, dried fruits, caviar, etc., and mainly imports grain, oil, food, pharmaceuticals, transportation vehicles, machinery and equipment, livestock, chemical raw materials, beverages, tobacco, etc.

The armed forces consist of the military, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and security forces. The Supreme Leader is the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. At present, the total strength of the armed forces is about 1 million, including 430000 military personnel, including approximately 365000 army personnel, 30000 navy personnel, 35000 air force personnel, and air defense forces; The Revolutionary Guard has about 440000 people; The security forces have about 100000 personnel. In addition, there are about 11 million militia members. Implement compulsory military service system, with a service period of 2 years.

The Supreme National Security Council is an important institution involved in formulating national foreign, defense, and security policies. The President serves as the chairman and directly designates one secretary to be responsible for daily work.

Implement free education for primary and secondary schools. Emphasize higher education and encourage private higher education through measures such as providing loans and offering material and policy support. The educated population over the age of 6 accounts for 82.5% of the national population. At present, there are 2515 higher education institutions in China with nearly 4.4 million college students. Tehran University is the earliest and largest higher education institution established in Iran.

Currently, there are over 1700 types of newspapers and magazines distributed throughout Iran, most of which are published in Tehran. The main Persian language newspapers include Iran News, Shimbun, El Mundo, Citizen News, Oriental News, Sun News, etc. The English language newspapers include Tehran Times and Iran News.

The Islamic Republic of Iran News Agency is the official news agency, formerly known as the Persian News Agency established in 1934. In addition, there are semi official news agencies such as Tasnim News Agency and Student News Agency.

The National Radio and Television Station was established in 1966 and renamed as the Audiovisual Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979. It has 13 radio stations and 13 television stations, broadcasting programs in 25 languages including Persian, Arabic, Chinese, English, French, and German. The first English language television station PRESS TV was launched in July 2007.

We adhere to an independent and non aligned foreign policy and oppose unilateralism, hegemonism, and power politics. Advocate for dialogue among different civilizations and the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order. It is believed that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country should be respected, and each country has the right to choose its own path of social development based on its history, culture, and religious traditions. Western countries are opposed to interfering in the internal affairs of other countries or imposing their own values on them under the pretext of democracy, freedom, human rights, etc. We believe that Israel is the main source of tension in the Middle East region, support the just struggle of the Palestinian people for the liberation of occupied territories, oppose peace talks between Arab countries and Israel, but do not interfere with or hinder the Middle East peace process. Advocating that peace and security in the Gulf region should be achieved through understanding and cooperation among coastal countries, opposing external interference and foreign military presence, and willing to make positive contributions to promoting regional peace and stability.

During the New Delhi Summit in July 2023, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization officially granted Iran membership status. Starting from January 1, 2024, Iran will become an official member of the BRICS countries.