Italy Passport

[Country Name] Italian Republic (Republica Italiana).

【 Area 】 301333 square kilometers.

Population: 58.99 million (December 2023 data). Mainly Italians. Speaking Italian, French, German, and Slovenian are respectively spoken in minority areas such as Val d'Aosta in the northwest, Trentino Upper Adige and Friuli Venice Giulia in the northeast. Most residents believe in Catholicism.

The capital is Rome, with a population of approximately 4.216 million. The hottest month is July, with temperatures generally ranging from 20 to 32 ℃; The coldest month is January, with temperatures generally ranging from 1-10 ℃.

Sergio Mattarella, the head of state, was elected on January 31, 2015, took office in February 2015, and was re elected in February 2022.

[Important Festival] New Year's Day: January 1st; Epiphany: January 6th; Easter: the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox; Liberation Day: April 25th; National Day: June 2nd; Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary: August 15th; Halloween: November 1st; Christmas: December 25th.

【 Overview 】 Located in southern Europe, including the Apennine Peninsula and islands such as Sicily and Sardinia. It borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia to the north with the Alps as a barrier, and faces the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, and Tyrrhenian Sea of the Mediterranean Sea to the east, south, and west respectively. The coastline is about 7200 kilometers long. Most regions have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The average temperature is 2-10 ℃ in January and 23-26 ℃ in July.

There have been signs of human activity on the Italian peninsula since prehistoric times, dating back to the early Paleolithic era. In the 9th century BC, the Etruscans created a brilliant civilization. Rome was founded in 754 BC. Ancient Rome went through three stages: monarchy (753-509 BC), republic (509-27 BC), and empire (27 BC-476 BC), lasting for a thousand years. During the Republican period, Rome basically completed its territorial expansion, and during the Empire period, it became a great empire centered on the Mediterranean, spanning across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The Western Roman Empire was destroyed in 476, and the Eastern Roman Empire was destroyed in 1453. From 962 AD to the 11th century AD, northern and central Italy became part of the "Holy Roman Empire of Germanic Peoples", while the south was Byzantine territory until the Norman invasion of southern Italy in the 11th century and the establishment of a kingdom. The Holy Roman Empire's rule in Italy collapsed in the 12th and 13th centuries, splitting into many kingdoms, duchies, autonomous cities, and small feudal territories. With the strengthening of economic strength, culture and art have flourished unprecedentedly. In the 15th century, humanism and the Renaissance movement emerged in Italy and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century. At the end of the 15th century, the struggle between France and Spain over the Apennine Peninsula intensified, leading to the decades long Italian War. Since the 16th century, most of the territory has been successively occupied by France, Spain, and Austria. The awakening of national spirit in the 18th century. The national rejuvenation movement emerged in the 19th century. The kingdom was established in March 1861. In 1870, Rome was conquered and territorial unity was achieved. Afterwards, Italy engaged in colonial expansion competition with other European powers and successively occupied Eritrea (1885-1896), Somalia (1889-1905), Libya, and the Aegean Islands (1911-1912), and obtained a commercial concession in Tianjin, China (1902). During World War I, it gained control of the northeastern regions of Trentino, Upper Adige, Venice Giulia, and Dodecanese. On October 31, 1922, Mussolini came to power and implemented fascist rule for over 20 years; Italy invaded Ethiopia (1930-1936), assisted Franco in the Spanish Civil War and formed the Rome Berlin Axis with Germany (1938), and later became involved in World War II (1939-1945) and became a defeated country. On June 2, 1946, a national referendum was held to abolish the constitutional monarchy, and on July 12 of the same year, the first government of the republic was formed. After World War II, he participated in the Marshall Plan, signed the North Atlantic Treaty, and actively participated in the European integration process, becoming one of the founding members of the European Union.

Implement a parliamentary republic system in politics. The President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, representing the unity of the country, and is elected by a joint meeting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister exercises the responsibility of managing the country, is appointed by the President, and is accountable to the Parliament. This government was established in October 2022 as the 68th post-war government of Italy, with Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.

The current Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on December 22, 1947 and promulgated on January 1, 1948.

The parliament is the highest legislative and supervisory body, implementing a bicameral system consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The main functions of parliament are: to formulate and amend constitutions and laws, elect a president, review and pass trust or distrust cases against the government, supervise government work, discuss and approve national budgets and final accounts, impeach the president, prime minister, and ministers, determine the state of war, and grant the government necessary political decision-making powers. The equal power of the two houses, which can each pass resolutions and be interrelated, is considered a structural reason for the frequent changes in the Italian government and the low efficiency of the parliament over the long term. In September 2020, Italy passed a constitutional amendment referendum with 69.64% support, agreeing to reduce the number of members of parliament. The Senate and House of Representatives officially amended the relevant provisions of the Constitution accordingly, reducing the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of House of Representatives seats from 630 to 400. The number of permanent senators appointed by the President shall not exceed 5 in any case. This term refers to the 19th parliament, which was elected on September 25, 2022. The center right alliance composed of the Brother Party, Alliance Party, and Power Party won the election. The Brother Party was the single party with the most votes, while the center left alliance led by the Democratic Party saw a significant decrease in vote share. From October 13th to 14th, the Senate and House of Representatives will elect their respective Speakers. Brother Party Senator Larusa was elected as the Speaker of the Senate, and Alliance Party Congressman Fontana was elected as the Speaker of the House.

The current government was sworn in on October 22, 2022. Prime Minister: Giorgia Meloni, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation: Antonio Tajani, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport: Matteo Salvini, Interior Minister Matteo Piantedosi, Justice Minister Carlo Nordio, Defense Minister Guido Crosetto, Economy and Finance Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti, Enterprise and "Made in Italy" Minister Adolfo Urso, Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry Minister Frances Urso Francesco Lollobrigida, Minister of Environment and Energy Security Gilbert Pichetto Fratin, Marina Calderone, Minister of Labor and Social Policy; Giuseppe Valditara, Minister of Education; Anna Maria Bernini, Minister of University and Research; Gennaro Sangiuliano, Minister of Culture; Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health; Daniela Santanch è, Minister of Tourism; Luca Ciriani, Minister of Parliamentary Relations; Paolo Zangrillo, Minister of Public Administration; and Roberto Calderoli, Minister of Regional and Autonomous Affairs. Calderoli, Minister of Civil Protection and Ocean Policy Nello Musumechi Musumeci, Raffaele Fitto, Minister for European Affairs, the South, Policy Coordination and Economic Recovery Planning, Andrea Abodi, Minister for Sports and Youth, Eugenia Maria Roccella, Minister for Family, Fertility and Equal Opportunities, Elisabetta Casellati, Minister for Institutional Reform and Regulatory Simplification, Alessandra Locatelli, Minister for Disability Affairs, and Alfredo Mantovano, State Secretary of the Prime Minister's Office.

The country is divided into 20 administrative regions, 101 provinces, and 8003 municipalities. The 20 administrative regions include 15 general autonomous regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, as well as 5 special autonomous regions: Val d'Aosta, Trentino Upper Adige, Friuli Venice Giulia, Sicily, and Sardinia.

The Supreme Judicial Council is the highest judicial authority with an independent judicial system and the power to appoint, allocate, transfer, and promote judges. Composed of 33 members, with the President serving as the chairman and the President of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General as ex officio members. The other members are composed of 10 members elected by the parliament (lawyers and judicial professors) and 20 judges elected by all judges, with a term of 4 years and cannot be re elected or hold part-time positions. The Constitutional Court is responsible for reviewing the constitutionality of laws and regulations, coordinating and resolving disputes over the division of power between various departments of the central government, central and local governments, and local governments, and handling accusations against the President and Cabinet Ministers in accordance with the Constitution. Composed of 15 judges, with a term of 9 years, they are not allowed to work part-time and enjoy immunity. Silvana Sciarra, President of the Constitutional Court, Margherita Cassano, President of the Supreme Court, and Luigi Salvato, Attorney General. In addition, there are institutions such as local mediation judges, first instance courts, appellate courts, and audit courts (responsible for public accounts and pensions).

The political party implements a multi-party system, and the main political parties are as follows:

(1) Fratelli d'Italia: a far right ruling party. After the dissolution of the Free People's Party in 2013, far right individuals represented by Giorgia Meloni, Injazio Larusa, and Guido Crosetto formed the Brothers Party, with Giorgia Meloni serving as the party chairman.

(2) Partito Democratico: The largest center left political party. Established in October 2007, it was jointly formed by multiple left-wing parties such as the Left Democratic Party and the Daisy Party. The current National Secretary, Elly Schlein.

(3) Movimento 5 Stelle: a center left non-traditional political party with populist elements. Established in October 2009, founded by renowned comedian Grillo, skilled in media operations and advocating for online democracy. In 2021, the Five Star Movement underwent internal reforms, with Grillo serving as the party's guarantor, former Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte as the party leader, and the release of a new party constitution.

(4) Lega: Former Northern Alliance Party, center right ruling party. Established in December 1989, it was formerly known as the Alliance of Six Autonomous Movements in Central and Northern Italy, with Umberto Bossi as its founder and first secretary. The current General Secretary is Matteo Salvini.

(5) Forza Italia: a center right ruling party. In 2013, the Free People's Party (Popolo della Libert à), which was formed by the Italian Power Party, the National Union, and others, split. Former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and his supporters announced the dissolution of the Free People's Party and the restoration of the Italian Power Party, with Berlusconi serving as party chairman. In June 2023, Berlusconi passed away. In February 2024, the Power Party held a national conference and its national coordinator, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, was elected as the new National Secretary.

[Important Person] Sergio Mattarella, President. Born on July 23, 1941 in Palermo, Sicily, Italy, graduated from the Law program at the University of Rome and later taught at the University of Palermo. In 1983, Ma was first elected as a member of the House of Representatives as a candidate of the Kuomintang, and was re elected in 1987. From 1987 to 1989, he served as the Minister of Relations with Parliament. From 1989 to 1990, he served as the Minister of Public Education. Served as Vice Premier from 1998 to 1999. Served as Minister of National Defense from 1999 to 2001. In 2006, Ma participated in the formation of the Democratic Party. In 2011, he was elected as a judge of the Constitutional Court by the parliament. Elected as the President of Italy in 2015 and re elected in 2022.

Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister. Born in Rome, Italy in 1977, graduated from a vocational high school in Rome and was one of the founders of the Brotherhood Party. Served as Vice Speaker of the House from 2006 to 2008. In 2008, she was appointed as the Minister of Youth and Sports in the Berlusconi government, making her the youngest female minister in Italian history. In 2012, he participated in the establishment of the far right political party, the Italian Brothers Party, and has been serving as its leader since 2014. On October 22, 2022, May was sworn in as the 68th Prime Minister of the Italian post-war government.

Ignazio La Russa, Senate President. Born in the Sicily region in 1947. Served as a member of the House of Representatives for 26 consecutive years since 1992. In 1995, the leading fascist political party "Italian Social Movement" was reorganized into the "National Alliance". In 2008, he promoted the merger of the "National Alliance" and Berlusconi's Power Party into the "Free People's Party" and served as the Defense Minister of the Berlusconi government. In 2012, he resigned from the party and co founded the "Italian Brothers Party" with former Youth Minister Meloni and others. Elected as the Speaker of the Senate in October 2022.

Lorenzo Fontana, Speaker of the House of Representatives. Born in Verona, Italy in 1980, holds a Bachelor's degree in Political Science from the University of Padua, History from the European University of Rome, and Philosophy from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas. Elected as a member of the European Parliament twice in 2009 and 2014. Appointed as the Deputy Secretary of the Alliance Party in 2016. After the 2018 election, he held positions such as Deputy Speaker of the House, Minister of Family Affairs, and Minister of European Affairs. Elected as Speaker of the House in October 2022.

Italy is a developed industrial country, the third largest economy in the European Union, and the eighth largest economy in the world. Developed small and medium-sized enterprises are known as the "Kingdom of Small and Medium sized Enterprises", accounting for over 98% of the total number of enterprises. The regional economic development is unbalanced, with developed industry and commerce in the north and agriculture as the mainstay in the south, resulting in a relatively backward economy. In 2020, Italy's economy was severely impacted by the COVID-19, and received 209 billion euros of support from the EU Recovery Fund, accounting for 28% of the total fund. The European Commission passed the Italian Recovery Plan in June 2021, and distributed 24.9 billion, 21 billion, 18.5 billion, and 16.5 billion euros of recovery funds to Italy in April, July 2022, October, and November 2023, respectively. The main economic indicators for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 2.09 trillion euros, a year-on-year increase of 0.9%.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 35400 US dollars

Year on year increase in total export value: unchanged

Year on year increase in total imports:- 10.4%

Fiscal deficit ratio: 7.2%

Unemployment rate: 7.6%

(Data source: Italian National Bureau of Statistics)

Natural resources are scarce, with only energy sources such as hydro, geothermal, and natural gas, as well as mineral resources such as marble, clay, mercury, and small amounts of lead, aluminum, zinc, and bauxite. The domestic oil and gas production can only meet 4.5% and 22% of the domestic market demand, and the supply of energy and major industrial raw materials relies on imports.

The real economy is developed, making it the second largest manufacturing powerhouse in the European Union after Germany. Various types of consumer and investment products with medium technological content hold a considerable share in the world market, but high-tech products are relatively scarce. The main industries include petrochemicals, automobile manufacturing, household appliances, electronic instruments, metallurgy, machinery, equipment, textiles, clothing, leather, furniture, food, beverages, tobacco, papermaking, publishing, printing, construction, etc. Small and medium-sized enterprises have a high degree of specialization and strong adaptability. Traditionally, they are export-oriented and have strong international competitiveness in fields such as leather making, shoemaking, clothing, textiles, furniture, kitchen and bathroom, ceramic tiles, silk, jewelry, brewing, machinery, marble mining, and mechanical industry.

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries account for 2.4% of the gross domestic product. 56% of the land in the country belongs to agricultural land, with about 1.6 million agricultural enterprises. It is a traditional agricultural power and agricultural powerhouse in the world, and the quality of agricultural products such as olive oil, wine, and tomato sauce is renowned worldwide. Italy is the country within the European Union that has obtained the most certifications for "protection of origin", "protection of geographical indications", and "protection of traditional specialty products".

The service industry has developed rapidly and maintained an upward trend, occupying an important position in the national economy. Its output value accounts for 2/3 of the gross domestic product, and most of the service industry is related to the marketing or supply of manufacturing products.

The tourism industry is well-developed and it is the fourth largest tourist destination in the world. The main tourist cities include Rome, Venice, Florence, etc. There are approximately 320000 tourism professionals.

Transportation infrastructure is well-developed, but it was built early and is generally outdated. Domestic transportation mainly relies on highways, and railway, waterway, and air transportation are also relatively developed. The total length of highways in China is 655000 kilometers, including 6661.3 kilometers of expressways and 19394 kilometers of railway network. There are 352 ports in the country, including 19 major ports such as Genoa, Naples, Venice, Trieste, Taranto, Livorna, and Syracuse. There are a total of 96 airports in the country.

The huge deficit and public debt have always been the two major challenges for the Italian economy. Since 1992, Italy has successively privatized large state-owned enterprises such as the National Labor Bank, the Italian Credit Bank, the Italian Commercial Bank, as well as Yili, Eni, the National Insurance Company, the National Electricity Company, and the Highway Company. In 2011, due to the impact of the international financial crisis and the Greek sovereign debt crisis, the situation of Italian sovereign debt was extremely severe, and the economy continued to be weak. It experienced three economic recessions in 2008, 2012-2014, and 2019-2020. In 2023, the fiscal deficit rate is 7.2%, and the total amount of public debt is about 2.86 trillion euros, accounting for 137.3% of the gross domestic product.

The main financial institutions in Italy include Intesa Sanpaolo, Gruppo Unicredit, Capitalia, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, and Gruppo Generali.

Foreign trade is the main pillar of the Italian economy. The output value of foreign trade accounts for over 40% of the gross domestic product. Personal consumer goods, mechanical equipment, and services occupy a very important position in the international market. In 2023, Italy's total export value was 626.17 billion euros, unchanged from the previous year, and its total import value was 591.716 billion euros, a year-on-year decrease of 10.4%. Italian products have strong competitiveness internationally, and the variety of exported goods is very complete. Mainly engaged in industrial products such as mechanical instruments, automobiles, agricultural product processing, steel, chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, household appliances, clothing, footwear, precious metals, etc. The foreign market of Italy is mainly composed of EU countries, accounting for more than 50% of the total export volume. In recent years, Italy's export share to other global markets has gradually increased. Countries and regions such as Russia, Japan, China, Brazil, the United States, Vietnam, North Africa, the Middle East, and South Africa are all important trading partners of Italy in non EU countries.

The situation of Yida Company, a well-known company, is as follows:

Leonardo S.P.A, formerly known as Gruppo Finmeccanica, is Italy's largest military and high-tech conglomerate. The company's total output value accounts for about 70% of Italy's defense industry output value, with the state holding 32.4%. It is involved in fields such as aviation, aerospace, energy, electronic defense, transportation, and information technology. The group mainly engages in the design and production of aircraft, helicopters, satellites, missile systems, radar, trains, and generator sets. website: www.leonardocompany.com。

Gruppo Generali, founded in 1831. The fourth largest insurance group in Europe and one of the top ten insurance groups in the world. Zhongli Group has business dealings with over 50 countries. In 2002, Zhongli Insurance Co., Ltd. and China National Petroleum Corporation jointly established Zhongyi Life Insurance Co., Ltd. with a registered capital of 1.9 billion yuan, becoming the first Sino foreign joint venture insurance company approved for establishment after China's accession to the WTO. website: www.generali.com。

Fiat S.p.A, the world's first microcar manufacturer, was founded in 1899 by Giovanni Agnelli and 29 other shareholders at the Turin Automobile Works in Italy, with its headquarters located in Turin. In 1996, Nanjing Automobile Group and Fiat Group Iveco jointly established Nanjing Iveco Automobile Co., Ltd., which became the largest cooperation project between the governments of China and Italy at that time. In March 2010, Fiat and GAC Group jointly established GAC Fiat. In January 2014, Fiat completed the comprehensive acquisition of Chrysler Group in the United States and renamed it Fiat Chrysler Automobiles after the merger. In January 2021, French automaker PSA Group and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles merged to form Stellantis, the world's fourth largest automaker headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with 400000 employees providing services and products in over 130 countries and regions. website: https://www.stellantis.com .

Pirelli S.p.A, founded in 1872, mainly produces rubber tires, cables, and communication equipment. Headquartered in Milan, it currently has 24 subsidiaries around the world with about 26000 employees. It has established stable production bases in 14 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Türkiye, Germany and Venezuela. Its business structure covers major markets in more than 160 countries around the world and has about 10000 dealers and retailers. In 2005, Pirelli entered China and chose to build a factory in Shandong. At the end of 2007, Pirelli established its second tire production line in Shandong, China - the radial car tire production line, and officially put high-performance car tires into production. In 2015, China National Chemical Corporation acquired 26.2% equity of Pirelli for 7.1 billion euros. website: www.Pirelli.it。

Telecom Italia S.p.A, formerly known as Gruppo Telecom Italia, has a history of over a hundred years and is headquartered in Milan. 40% of the shares are held by governments of Italy and some other countries. The company's business is distributed in 9 countries including Italy and Brazil, with nearly 100 million customers. website: www.Telecomitalia.it。

Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), also known as the "National Carbonization Company", is headquartered in Milan. On February 10, 1953, it was formed by the merger of state-owned oil, natural gas, and petrochemical enterprises. The business scope includes: crude oil, natural gas, chemicals and petrochemical products, nuclear fuel, coal, machinery and equipment, textile raw materials and clothing, mining and metallurgy, as well as contracting engineering construction and trade. We have business dealings with approximately 70 countries and employ over 72000 people. In 2013, China National Petroleum Corporation spent $4.2 billion to acquire a 28.57% stake in Eni East Africa. website: www.eni.it。

ENEL, established in 1962 with 68% national ownership, was listed in Milan and New York in 1999. It is the largest electricity company and the second largest natural gas transmission company in Italy. The power sector has millions of customers. website: www.Enel.it。

Fincantieri Group, formerly known as the Italian Shipbuilding Finance Group, a state-owned holding company established in 1959, became a self operated company in 1984 and is one of the world's largest and most diverse shipbuilding companies. We mainly engage in the construction of military ships, large private ships, ocean drilling platforms and special ships, luxury cruise ship construction and maintenance, and have built more than 7000 various types of ships. Headquartered in Trieste, the main design centers are located in Trieste and Genoa. website: www.fincantieri.com。

The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces, and the Prime Minister is responsible for national defense policies and military construction. The Ministry of National Defense is the highest military administrative organ responsible for the construction and management of armed forces, implementing a dual track system with the Minister of National Defense (civilian) as the head, and the Chief of National Defense Staff and the Secretary General of National Defense respectively in charge of military and logistics management. The National Defense Staff Department is the highest military command organization, which includes the Army, Navy, Air Force Staff Departments, and the Military Police Headquarters. The Chief of Staff Committee is the highest advisory body of the Ministry of National Defense, consisting of the Chief of Defense Staff, the Chief of Staff of the three armed forces, the Secretary General of Defense, and the Commander of the Military Police Headquarters, with the Chief of Defense Staff serving as the chairman. The Chief of the National Defense Staff is the highest military officer who exercises administrative management over the three armed forces through the National Defense Staff Department, the National Defense Secretariat, and the Service Staff Departments. He commands the operations and exercises of the troops through the Tri Service Operations Command, Fleet Command, and Air Force Operations Command. According to a decree issued in 2004, Italy began implementing professionalization of the military in 2005. Currently, the military service system combines volunteers with professional soldiers, and volunteers can become professional soldiers through different levels of exams. Starting from 1997, there will be a gradual reduction in military personnel, with a defense budget of 27.748 billion euros for 2023. It means a NATO member, and the NATO Southern European Allied Command is located in Naples. The United States has dozens of military bases, including naval bases in places such as Gaeta and Naples, air force bases in Aviano, and army bases in Vicenza and Livorna. The Italian military has participated in multiple international peacekeeping missions involving multiple countries within the framework of the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union.

The Italian education system is divided into three stages, namely 5-year primary education (elementary school), 8-year secondary education (3-year junior high school, 5-year high school), and higher education such as university and vocational colleges. Children under the age of 16 can enjoy compulsory education. Famous Italian universities include the University of Rome, Milan Bocconi University, Politecnico di Milano, Politecnico di Torino, University of Bologna, University of Padua, University of Naples, University of Pisa, and University of Florence.

The news publishing industry is relatively developed, with over 50 types of newspapers and magazines across the country. The main newspapers include: Evening Post, Republic Daily, 24-hour Sun Daily, News Daily, Sports Daily, Messenger Daily, Sports Post, and Daily News.

The main comprehensive journals include: Panorama Weekly, Express Weekly, Women's Weekly Modern Women, and religious journal Christian Family.

Ansha News Agency: Established in 1945, it is the largest news agency in Italy.

Italian Broadcasting and Television Company: Established in 1954, it is state-owned. Currently, there are three main channels broadcasting comprehensive radio and television programs. The broadcasting and television industry in Italy is well-developed, with over 500 private broadcasting and television stations nationwide.

The basic principle of foreign policy is to focus on Europe, actively participate in the construction of the European Union, and promote the process of European integration; Relying on NATO and valuing the development of transatlantic alliance relationships; Advocating for the reform of the United Nations Security Council, but firmly opposing the addition of permanent members, emphasizing the leading role of the United Nations in establishing a new international order and resolving regional conflicts, actively participating in peacekeeping and humanitarian relief operations within the framework of the United Nations, and urging the European Union and its member states to take on more responsibilities in refugee issues; Advocating for strengthening international cooperation and addressing both the symptoms and root causes of counter-terrorism issues; Advocate for multipolarization of the world and strengthening regional cooperation; It is believed that the reform of the current international financial system, strengthening global economic governance, and enhancing cooperation with emerging countries such as China in international financial institutions have become founding members of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

As one of the founding members of the European Union, Italy has always attached great importance to and actively promoted the construction of European integration by successive governments. It is believed that the construction of EU integration is an effective means to address the challenges of globalization, and only by establishing a strong and united EU can we maximize the protection of Italian security and interests. Support the reform of EU institutions and actively participate in the establishment and operation of the EU External Action Service. After the outbreak of the European sovereign debt crisis, it was proposed to establish a unified fund within the EU to respond to the crisis and support the three major economic governance measures of the EU, namely, unified European debt issuance, granting greater power to the European Central Bank, and increasing coordination efforts for institutional reform. After the COVID-19 broke out in Europe in 2020, Italy has repeatedly appealed to the EU to unite to fight against the epidemic, actively promoted the EU member states to reach an agreement on the recovery plan, and obtained 209 billion euros of financial support in a total fund of 750 billion euros, becoming the country with the largest share.

Italy is a traditional ally of the United States and has maintained close political, economic, and military relations with the United States since World War II. We attach great importance to the development of the transatlantic partnership and advocate for the development of a special partnership with the United States. In October 2019 and September 2020, US Secretary of State Pompeo visited Italy twice. In June 2021, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken visited Italy and attended the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting. In October 2021, US President Biden went to Italy to attend the G20 Rome Summit and agreed to hold a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Draghi. In May 2022, Italian Prime Minister Draghi visited the United States. In November 2022, Italian Prime Minister Meloni held a bilateral meeting with US President Biden during the G20 Bali Summit. In July 2023 and March 2024, Italian Prime Minister Meloni visited the United States.

The relationship with NATO believes that NATO remains the main defense force in Europe and plays a core role in ensuring the security of Europe and its member states. Advocate close cooperation between NATO and the EU in crisis management and peacekeeping operations. Support the establishment of NATO's rapid response force, advocate for NATO and EU rapid response forces to complement each other, and jointly maintain the transatlantic alliance. Support NATO's eastward expansion, advocate for NATO to adhere to a defensive security policy, and play an important role in resolving regional conflicts, counter-terrorism, and non-proliferation actions.

[Relations with Russia] Italy regards Russia as a major political, military, and energy power in the world, attaches great importance to Russia's cooperation in European politics and security, and has close energy and economic cooperation with Russia. It was the first to propose that Russia and Europe share common cultural and religious roots, and that Russia should become a member of the future Greater Europe. In October 2018, Italian Prime Minister Conte visited Russia. After the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis in February 2022, Italy strongly condemned Russia's military actions and believed that Russia seriously violated Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. We support and widely participate in multiple sanctions measures introduced by the European Union, provide humanitarian assistance such as funding and medical supplies to Ukraine, accept Ukrainian refugees, transport military equipment to Ukraine, and conduct military movements to Eastern Europe in conjunction with NATO. At the same time, we believe that maintaining smooth dialogue is crucial and advocate for a peaceful resolution of the crisis through negotiations.

Actively promoting cooperation with Balkan countries and seeking to play a greater role in Central and Southern Europe, especially in the Balkan region. He was responsible for commanding the United Nations peacekeeping forces in Albania and played an important role in stabilizing the situation there. The investment amount for Balkan reconstruction ranks second among EU countries, only behind Germany. It is an important trading partner of Central and Eastern European countries.

Italy considers itself as a bridge between Europe and the Mediterranean, and successive governments have regarded the region as a key focus of Italy's geopolitical strategy. As an initiator of the Mediterranean Charter for Peace and Stability and a member of the EU Mediterranean Partnership, we are committed to actively promoting dialogue and cooperation between the EU and Mediterranean countries, implementing the EU Mediterranean strategy, and supporting the Barcelona process. Emphasize the importance of NATO's southern wing and call on the EU to pay attention to the situation in the Mediterranean region. Promote the establishment of the "Mediterranean Permanent Fleet" by NATO and the formation of the "Mediterranean Rapid Response Force" with France and the West. Since December 2015, the Mediterranean Dialogue Forum has been held annually in Rome. In recent years, multiple international conferences on the Libyan issue have been held.

We attach great importance to the relationship with countries in the Asia Pacific region and strengthen economic cooperation with Southeast Asian countries. Advocate for reconciliation between India and Pakistan, actively promote the peace process on the Korean Peninsula, and advance the democratic process in Indonesia. Actively participate in the post-war reconstruction work in Afghanistan. In its relations with Asian countries, Italy focuses on developing bilateral relations with China, Japan, Iran, and Central Asian countries. It means the first Western country to establish diplomatic relations with North Korea and pay attention to the situation on the Korean Peninsula. Believing that the North Korean nuclear issue involves international security and advocating for peaceful resolution through consultation and dialogue; We have a deep historical connection with North African countries, and in recent years, we have actively expanded our relations with a large number of African countries, continuously deepened economic, trade, cultural and other cooperation, and expanded the scale of development assistance. In January 2024, the first Italy Africa Summit will be held in Rome, launching the "Matteo Plan" for cooperation with Africa.