Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Passport

The Republic of C ô te d'Ivoire, La R é publique de C ô te d'Ivoire.

【 Area 】 322463 square kilometers.

Population: 28.1 million (2022). There are 69 ethnic groups in the country, divided into four major ethnic groups: the Aken ethnic group accounts for about 42%, the Mandi ethnic group accounts for about 27%, the Walter ethnic group accounts for about 16%, and the Kru ethnic group accounts for about 15%. Each ethnic group has its own language, and most parts of the country use Dioula language (without writing). The official language is French. 42% of residents believe in Islam, 34% believe in Christianity, 16.7% have no religious beliefs, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

Yamoussoukro, the political capital, has a population of approximately 250000. The economic capital, Abidjan, has a population of approximately 5.6 million. The highest temperature is from February to April, with an average of 24-32 ℃; The lowest temperature is in August, with an average of 22-28 ℃. On March 12, 1983, C ô te d'Ivoire decided to relocate the capital to Yamoussoukro, but to this day, government agencies and diplomatic missions remain in Abidjan. The Senate, established in 2018, is located in Yamoussoukro.

【 Head of State 】 Alassane Dramane Ouattara

National Day: August 7th.

【 Overview 】 Located in West Africa. It borders Liberia and Guinea to the west, Mali and Burkina Faso to the north, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south, with a coastline of approximately 550 kilometers. It belongs to tropical climate. The climate south of 7 ° N is tropical rainforest, with an average annual temperature of 25 ℃; The climate north of 7 ° N is tropical grassland climate, with an annual average temperature slightly higher than in the south. The whole year is divided into four seasons: the rainy season from April to mid July, the dry season from mid July to September, the light rainy season from September to November, and the light dry season from December to March of the following year.

During the medieval period, some small kingdoms were established within the territory. In the 11th century, the city of Gongge established by the Senufu people in the north was one of the North South trade centers in West Africa at that time. In the second half of the 15th century, Portuguese, Dutch, and French colonizers successively invaded. In 1893, it became a French autonomous colony. In December 1958, it became an "autonomous republic" within the "French Community". On August 7, 1960, it gained independence but remained within the French Community. In April of the following year, he left the community. The first president, Felix Houphou ë t-Boigny, was re elected seven times until his death on December 7, 1993. Speaker Henri Konan B é di é succeeded as president. In October 1995, Bedie won the election and was re elected. In December 1999, former Chief of General Staff Robert Gay launched a military coup and assumed the roles of President and Chairman of the National Salvation Council. In October 2000, the People's Front candidate Babo was elected president. In September 2002, some soldiers in Kosovo launched a mutiny, triggering a civil war and creating a north-south confrontation between government forces and rebel forces. In March 2007, the government of C ô te d'Ivoire signed the "Mogadishu Agreement" with the rebels, ending the civil war and announcing the beginning of a political transition period. In October and November 2010, two rounds of presidential elections were held in C ô te d'Ivoire. Babo and opposition party candidate Ouattara declared victory and were sworn in as president, respectively. The confrontation between the two sides eventually escalated into a nationwide armed conflict, and the post election crisis ended with Babo's arrest.

Watara was sworn in in in May 2011. In October 2015, Ouattara won the election with a high vote share of 83% and was re elected as president. In October 2016, Ivory Coast held a national referendum and passed a new constitution with 93.4% support, deciding to establish the position of Vice President and add a Senate. In July 2020, the presidential candidate of the United Party and Prime Minister Kulibaly passed away due to illness, and Ouattara announced his candidacy again. In November, Ouattara won re-election with 94.27% of the vote, serving until 2025. In April 2022, Ouattara reorganized the government and appointed Tiemoko Kone as Vice President. In October 2023, Ouattara appointed Robert Bergre Munbe as Prime Minister and reorganized the government.

The United Nations deployed the Operation in C ô te d'Ivoire (ONUC) to Cote d'Ivoire in April 2004. With the restoration of political stability in Kosovo, in April 2016, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution to fully lift sanctions on Kosovo and withdraw the United Nations Mission in Kosovo. In June 2017, the United Nations Mission in C ô te d'Ivoire fully withdrew from the country.

On March 13, 2016, the coastal city of Grand Bassam in Cote d'Ivoire experienced its first terrorist attack in history, resulting in the deaths of 15 civilians and 3 soldiers, and more than 30 injuries. Al Qaeda's North African branch, Islamic Maghreb, has declared responsibility for the incident.

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 broke out in Kuwait. The government of Kuwait quickly established a national prevention and control command system and launched a vaccination plan. In April 2023, C ô te d'Ivoire announced the end of the COVID-19 health emergency, and the COVID-19 epidemic turned to normal management.

The fourth constitution after independence was passed by a national referendum in October 2016. The Constitution stipulates that the country implements a republican presidential system, with the separation of powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The President is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces, enjoying the highest executive power. He is elected by universal suffrage for a term of 5 years and can be re elected once. The Prime Minister is the head of government appointed by the President. The new constitution stipulates that presidential candidates must hold Ivorian nationality and have an Ivorian father or mother; Cancel the maximum age limit for candidates aged 75; Establish the position of Vice President; Establish a Senate and restore the parliament to a bicameral system.

In March 2020, the Kosovo Parliament passed a constitutional amendment, deciding that the Vice President would no longer be elected simultaneously with the Head of State and would be appointed by the President with the consent of the Parliament.

The parliament adopts a bicameral system, namely the National Assembly and the Senate, which are the highest legislative bodies of the country, with a term of 5 years each. In March 2021, a new National Assembly election was held in Kosovo. Out of 255 seats, the ruling United Party held 137 seats, while the opposition held a total of 91 seats (including 63 seats for the Democratic Party, 2 seats for the People's Front, and 26 seats for other opposition parties). Independent candidates held 26 seats, leaving 1 seat vacant. The current Speaker is Adama Bicctogo. The Senate has a total of 99 seats, with two-thirds elected and one-third appointed by the President. The current Senate will be established in October 2023, and Candia Camara will be elected as the new Senate President.

The current government will be established in October 2023. The current government members include: Prime Minister, Head of Government and Minister of Sports and Living Environment: Robert BEUGRE MANBE; Minister of State and Minister of Defense: T é n é Birahima OUATTARA; Minister of State and Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Food Production: Kobenan Kouassi ADJUMANI; Minister of State and Minister of Public Service and Modernization of Administration: Anne D é sir é e OULOTO (female); Minister of Economy, Planning and Development: Nial é KABA (female); Palm Seal, Minister of Justice and Human Rights: Jean Sansan KAMBILE; Minister of Interior and Security: Gal Vagondo DIOMANDE; Minister of Mines, Petroleum and Energy: Mamadou Sangafowa Coulibaly; Minister of Economy and Budget: Adama Coulibaly; Minister of Foreign Affairs, African Integration and Overseas Chinese: Kakou Houaja L é on ADOM; Minister of Construction, Housing and Urbanization: Bruno Nabagn é KONE; Minister of Transport: Amadou KONE; Minister of Property, State owned Assets and Public Enterprises: Moussa SANOGO; Minister of Equipment and Road Maintenance: Amed é Koffi Kauakou; Minister of Youth Development, Employment Placement and Citizen Services, Deputy Government Spokesperson: Mamadou Toure; Minister of Health, Public Health and Universal Health Insurance: Pierre DIMBA; Minister of Water Resources, Cleanliness and Health: Bouak é FOFANA; Minister of Animal and Aquatic Resources: Sidi Ti é moko Tour É; Minister of National Education and Literacy: Mariatou KONE (female); Minister of Information, Government Spokesperson: Amadou Coulibaly; Minister of Environment, Sustainable Development and Ecological Transformation: Jacques Assahor é KONAN; Minister of Digital Transformation and Digitization: Ibrahim Kalil KONATE; Minister of Tourism: Siandou FOFANA; Minister of Trade and Industry: Souleymane DIARRASOUBA; Minister of Higher Education and Research: Adama DIAWARA; Minister of Water Resources and Forests: Laurent TCHAGBA; Minister of Employment and Social Security: Adama Kamara; Minister of Technical Education, Vocational Training and Apprenticeship Affairs: Koffi N'gUESAN; Minister for Women, Family and Children: Nass é n é ba Tour É, female; Minister of National Unity, Solidarity and Poverty Reduction: Logboh Myss Belmonde DOGO (female); Minister of Culture and Francophone Affairs: Fran ç oise REMARCK (female); Minister level representative responsible for African Integration and Overseas Chinese Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Integration and Overseas Chinese Affairs: Wautabouna OUATTARA; Minister level representative responsible for sports and living environment affairs, Prime Minister and Minister of Sports and Living Environment: Adj é Silas METCH

The administrative divisions of Cote d'Ivoire are divided into three levels: regions, regions, and provinces, with a total of 14 regions (2 autonomous regions and 12 ordinary regions), 31 regions, and 109 provinces.

The judicial institutions mainly include the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court, and the Special Supreme Court. Courts at all levels have corresponding procuratorates or general procuratorates.

In April 1990, the implementation of a multi-party system was announced, and there are currently over 150 political parties, mainly including:

(1) The Unity Party, also known as the Rassemblement des Houphou ë tistes pour la D é mocratie et la Paix, RHDP）， The ruling party. Its predecessor was a political party alliance mainly composed of the Republican Alliance (Rassement des R é publicains), guided by the governing philosophy of the founding president of Cote d'Ivoire, Ufue Boigny, with the goal of rebuilding unity, serving national construction, promoting political stability, economic development, and social harmony, and achieving national prosperity. In July 2018, the United Party held its founding conference and named it the "Union of Upvers for Democracy and Peace". It elected Ouattara as the party chairman and was responsible for establishing the United Party leadership committee and temporary institutions. In January 2019, the United Party held its first party congress and officially confirmed Ouattara as the party chairman.

(2) Parti D é mocratique de C ô te d'Ivoire: opposition party. Established on April 30, 1946, founded by the first president of Cote d'Ivoire, Felix Houphou ë t-Boigny, it is the earliest political party established in Cote d'Ivoire. The influence is significant in the central and eastern regions dominated by the Akon ethnic group, especially in Yamoussoukro and the cities of Bouak é. The slogan is peace, freedom, pragmatism, openness, and dialogue, advocating for achieving national unity through "dialogue" and "reconciliation" internally; To establish a new international political and economic order based on justice through dialogue and peace. The party held power from independence in 1960 to the end of 1999. In 2010, the presidential candidate of the party, Bedie, formed a campaign alliance with Ouattara, and members of the party joined the new government formed by Ouattara. In September 2018, Democratic Party Chairman Bedie announced that the party would withdraw from the ruling coalition and the process of building the United Party, but there were still many Democratic Party members remaining in government positions. Former chairman Henri Konan B é di é passed away in August 2023. In December 2023, Tidjana Thiam, former global CEO of Credit Suisse Group, was elected as the new party chairman.

(3) Front Populaire Ivoirien, also known as the People's Front, is the main opposition party. Established in France in March 1983, the backbone consists of intellectuals and young students. The influence is significant in the central and western regions dominated by the Kru ethnic group and the economic capital city of Abidjan. Advocate equality, freedom, justice, and multi-party democracy, with the goal of establishing a democratic system where everyone is equal and implementing socialism. After the military coup in December 1999, he participated in the transitional government. In October 2000, the party's candidate Babo came to power after winning the general election. After the end of the April 2011 Kosovo general election crisis, Babo and party chairman Ng é san were imprisoned, and some key members fled to Ghana. Former second vice chairman and National Assembly speaker Kulibaly announced in July that he would withdraw from the People's Front and establish a new party. In November, Babo was transferred to the International Criminal Court by the government of Kosovo. The People's Front boycotted the legislative elections. In August 2013, the chairman of the People's Front Party, Enqasan, was released. In January 2019, Babo was conditionally released by the International Criminal Court and returned to Kosovo in June 2021. The current chairman of the People's Front, Affi N'guessan.

Other political parties include the Union D é mocratique et Patriotique de C ô te d'Ivoire, the Union D é mocratique et Citoyenne, and the Parti Social D é mocrate.

[Important Person] President Alassane Dramane Ouattara: Born on January 1, 1942 in Dinbokro, Ivory Coast. Adhere to Islam. I have studied abroad in the United States and obtained a master's and doctoral degree in economics. I have been working for a long time at the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States. In November 1990, he was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Kosovo by President Boigny. In 1999, he was appointed as the chairman of the "Republican Alliance". He officially assumed the presidency in May 2011. Re elected in 2015 and 2020.

After independence, a free economic system centered around "free-market capitalism" and "Ivory Coast" was implemented. In the 1960s and 1970s, the economy developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 8% in gross domestic product, creating an "economic miracle". After entering the 1980s, the economic situation deteriorated due to the impact of the Western economic crisis. In the mid-1990s, there was a period of recovery. After the military coup in 1999, the economy deteriorated sharply. After the end of the civil war in 2007, the economy rebounded at a slow pace. After the end of the election crisis in April 2011, the new government actively carried out recovery and reconstruction, vigorously supported key departments such as ports and oil, revitalized pillar industries such as coffee and cocoa, rectified the financial market, carried out infrastructure construction, improved the investment environment, actively sought foreign aid and investment, and achieved certain results. The average annual growth rate of the science and technology economy from 2012 to 2015 was about 9.2%. After being re elected as president, Ouattara proposed economic structural transformation and formulated the 2016-2020 National Development Plan. In 2021, he proposed the 2021-2025 National Development Plan (PND). The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 78.8 billion US dollars.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 2500 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 6.75%.

Currency name: Franc de la Communaut é financi è re d'Afrique, abbreviated as CFA Francs.

Exchange rate: 1 euro=656 African francs.

Inflation rate: 4.4%.

(Source: World Bank)

The main mineral deposits include diamonds, gold, manganese, nickel, uranium, iron, and petroleum. Proven iron ore is 1.5 billion tons, bauxite is 1.2 billion tons, nickel is 440 million tons, and manganese is 35 million tons. In recent years, newly discovered whale and hornbill oil and gas fields have oil reserves of approximately 2.5 billion barrels and 1.5 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves of approximately 93 billion cubic meters and 140 billion cubic meters. In 2024, the largest gold deposit in China was discovered in the northern region, with a gold reserve of 155.5 tons. The forest area is 2.5 million hectares. Affected by long-term wars, the contribution rate of the development of scientific and technological mineral resources to national wealth is less than 1%. The development of mineral resources accounts for less than 5% of the gross domestic product, and currently only gold and manganese have achieved industrial mining. In 2019, the production of gold and manganese ore was 32 tons and 1.18 million tons, respectively. In March 2014, the National Assembly of Cote d'Ivoire passed a new Mining Law.

The agricultural product processing industry is the main industrial sector. Next are the cotton textile industry, oil refining, chemical industry, building materials, and wood processing industry. After the development of new oil fields in 1996, the proportion of mineral energy industry in the industrial sector has been increasing year by year. In 2023, the production of PetroChina was 10.75 million barrels, an increase of 15.6% year-on-year. Ke was once a major power producer in West Africa, exporting excess electricity to countries such as Benin and Togo. Affected by the war, the development of the power industry was slow, and in 2010, it even imported electricity from neighboring countries. Since 2012, the power generation has gradually increased, with the goal of becoming one of the energy market countries in sub Saharan Africa by 2030. The power generation in 2022 is 1114.5 billion kilowatt hours, mainly exported to countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, and Ghana, accounting for about 8% of the total power generation.

Agriculture is the foundation of scientific economy. The total arable land area in China is 8.02 million hectares. The agricultural workforce accounts for 49% of the national labor force. In 2022, the agricultural output value accounted for 20.8% of the gross domestic product. The main economic crops are cocoa and coffee, which account for 75% of the country's arable land area. Cocoa production and export rank first in the world, accounting for 40% of global supply, with a production of 2.4 million tons in 2022. Coffee production ranks third in Africa, with a production of 95000 tons in 2022. Cocoa and coffee exports account for 50% of the total export value and approximately 15% of the gross domestic product. Since November 2011, Ke has been reforming the cocoa industry by establishing the Cocoa Coffee Committee, which is responsible for regulating, stabilizing, and developing the industry. In recent years, the production of cashew nuts has increased and has become the world's largest cashew nut producing country, accounting for 40% of global production, with an annual output of about 1 million tons. Cotton is also an important traditional economic crop, with a production of 458000 tons in 2019, ranking third in Africa in terms of total output. Ke is the fifth largest palm oil producer in the world and the second largest in Africa, with a production of 514000 tons in 2018. Grain cannot be self-sufficient, and 50% of annual rice consumption needs to be imported. The main crops include corn, millet, sorghum, rice, cassava, yam, etc. The total grain production in 2022 is 1 million tons. In recent years, the export volume of tropical fruits has increased, mainly including bananas, pineapples, papaya, etc.

Forest resources are abundant, and wood has always been the main export product of science and technology. Due to excessive logging, agricultural development, drought, and forest fires, the forest area has sharply decreased; In 1960, there were 15 million hectares, but in 2021, only about 2.7 million hectares remain, with a forest coverage rate of 8.6%. The livestock industry is underdeveloped. Poultry and eggs are basically self-sufficient, with 88% of dairy products and 56% of meat relying on imports. The fishery industry accounts for 0.4% of the gross domestic product and employs 100000 people. The average growth rate of fishing catch from 2014 to 2021 was 4.8%, with a peak in 2018, and the total fishing catch was about 105000 tons.

The service industry is mainly focused on commerce and transportation. In 2022, the output value of the service industry accounted for 54.8% of the gross domestic product. In recent years, with strong support from the government, the telecommunications industry has developed rapidly, with revenue increasing from 544 billion francs in 2007 to 682 billion francs in 2008, of which 82% came from mobile communication services. The number of fixed line telephone users has remained stable at around 300000 in recent years. In 2019, there were 34 million mobile phone users, with a mobile phone penetration rate of 136%. 14 million people used mobile networks, 13.5 million people used mobile payment services, and 200000 jobs were created in the telecommunications industry. A total of 25000 kilometers of optical fiber have been laid nationwide. As of the end of 2010, Ke had a total of 23 credit institutions, including 22 banks and 1 financial institution. Savings increased by 10% to reach 2.733 trillion francs, while loans increased by 13% to 2.468 trillion francs.

The tourism industry attaches great importance to the development of tourism and the exploitation of tourism resources. Important attractions include Komoe National Park, Tai National Park, Ningba Mountain Nature Reserve, and Yamoussoukro Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace. The first three are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, while the historic town of Grand Bassam is listed on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. The economic capital Abidjan is adjacent to the Gulf of Guinea, surrounded by lagoons and boasts beautiful scenery. Due to years of war, the tourism industry has been severely affected. Since the post election crisis subsided in 2011, the government has made tourism the third largest industry after agriculture and industry, and increased investment in the tourism industry.

Transportation is one of the most developed countries in Africa, especially in terms of sea and road transportation.

Sea freight: Over 98% of import and export trade is conducted by sea freight. The Autonomous Port of Abidjan is one of the most important natural ports and container terminals in West Africa, as well as a major seaport and distribution center for import and export goods in landlocked countries such as Burkina Faso and Mali. The port of Abidjan has relatively complete equipment, with two container terminals and an annual loading and unloading capacity of approximately 2.5 million standard containers. The throughput in 2021 is about 30.05 million tons. San Pedro Port is the second largest port with a throughput of 6.24 million tons in 2022. Mainly carrying timber, cocoa, etc.

Railway: The section of the Abidjan Ougadogu railway within the department is the only railway in the department. The total length is 630 kilometers. The annual freight volume is about 800000 tons, and the passenger volume is 500000 people.

Highway: The highway network extends in all directions and is the most developed country in West Africa in terms of highways. The total length is nearly 83000 kilometers, accounting for 45% of the total road mileage of WAEMU, including 6500 kilometers of first-class highway (asphalt pavement) and 7000 kilometers of second-class highway; There are 5850 freight forwarders nationwide, with 311000 vehicles of various types, including 17000 trucks.

Air transportation: There are 28 airports of various sizes in the country, including Abidjan, Bouake, and Yamoussoukro, which can accommodate large aircraft for takeoff and landing. Abidjan Airport is the largest airport in French speaking African countries. It was expanded and renovated in 2000, and its annual passenger volume increased from 1.2 million to 2 million. Due to the war, passenger traffic has been low and has rebounded in recent years. According to statistics from the Civil Aviation Administration of China, 2.27 million passengers were transported in 2019. Currently, over 20 airlines operate more than 30 international routes. The New Air France (NAI), controlled by Air France, began operations in March 2001 and went bankrupt in September 2011. In May 2012, a new airline, Air C ô te d'Ivoire, was established with a capital of approximately 25 billion francs (approximately $50 million). The government of Cote d'Ivoire holds a 51% stake, Air France holds a 20% stake, Aga Khan Group holds a 15% stake, and private investors hold a 14% stake.

The proportion of fiscal revenue and expenditure to GDP from 2019 to 2022 is as follows: