Japan passport
ISO Code | JP |
Dual Nationality Recognition | No |
Regional Population | 124,214,766 |
Continent | Passport Country | Visa Status | Valid Days | Operation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Asia |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
eTA eTA |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
eTA eTA |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
- | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
eVisitors eVisitors |
60 Days | Apply for Visa |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
North America |
|
E-Ticket E-Ticket |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
15 Days | Apply for Visa |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
eVisa eVisa |
15 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa on arrival (EASE) Visa on arrival (EASE) |
- | Apply for Visa |
Oceania |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
120 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
North America |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
360 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
North America |
|
eTA eTA |
180 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
60 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
45 Days | |
Africa |
|
Pre-enrollment Pre-enrollment |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eTA eTA |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Free visa on arrival Free visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
15 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Asia |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
North America |
|
eTA eTA |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
150 Days | Apply for Visa |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
42 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
15 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Tourist registration Tourist registration |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
45 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
South America |
|
Tourist card Tourist card |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Africa |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
60 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
31 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Oceania |
|
Visa on arrival Visa on arrival |
30 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Oceania |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
120 Days | |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Oceania |
|
eTA eTA |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
180 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
15 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
eTA eTA |
90 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
North America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Asia |
|
visa on arrival,eVisa visa on arrival,eVisa |
30 Days | Apply for Visa |
Europe |
|
eTA eTA |
180 Days | Apply for Visa |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
45 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
30 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Asia |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa required Visa required |
- | |
Africa |
|
eVisa eVisa |
- | Apply for Visa |
South America |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days | |
Africa |
|
Visa-free Visa-free |
90 Days |
【 Country Name 】 Japan.
【 Area 】 The land area is approximately 378000 square kilometers, including the four major islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, as well as over 6800 other small islands.
The population is approximately 123.96 million (as of July 2024). The main ethnic group is the Yamato people, with approximately 13000 Ainu people in the Hokkaido region. General Japanese. The main religions are Shintoism and Buddhism.
【 Capital 】 Tokyo. The population is approximately 14.18 million (as of October 2024).
Emperor Naruhito ascended to the throne on May 1, 2019, with the era name "Reiwa".
[Important Festival] Emperor's Birthday: February 23rd. National Day: February 11th (calculated according to the Gregorian calendar as the first year of Emperor Jimmu of Japan in the 7th century BC).
【 Overview 】 Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, it is an arc-shaped island nation extending from northeast to southwest. It faces China, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia across the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and Sea of Japan to the west. It belongs to the temperate maritime monsoon climate, with mild and humid temperatures throughout the year. There are many rainy months in June and typhoons in summer and autumn. The average temperature in January is -6 ° C in the north and 16 ° C in the south; July: 17 ° C in the north and 28 ° C in the south.
Japan is located in the Pacific Rim volcanic and seismic zone, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. 1/10 of the world's volcanoes are located in Japan, and 1/5 of earthquakes occur in Japan. The Great Hanshin Earthquake that occurred in 1995 and the 2004 Nakatsu Earthquake in Niigawa Prefecture caused significant loss of life and property, attracting worldwide attention. On March 11, 2011, a massive earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale struck Japan, triggering a tsunami and a nuclear power plant leak, known as the "most serious crisis in post-war Japan". On January 1, 2024, a 6.9 magnitude Noto Peninsula earthquake occurred in central Honshu, Japan, causing significant casualties and property damage.
Japan was defeated in World War II and declared unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945. In the early post-war period, the US military occupied Japan alone. In 1947, a new constitution was promulgated and implemented, transforming the country from an imperial system to a parliamentary cabinet system with the emperor as the national symbol. After the war, it pursued a "heavy economy, light military" route and became the second largest economic power in the West in the late 1960s. Since the mid-1980s, the goal of becoming a political power has been proposed. In the 1990s, the economy fell into a long-term slump, and since 2002, there has been a slow recovery, with the recovery time setting a post-war record. Since 2008, the economic recovery momentum has been hindered by the impact of the international financial crisis and the 3.11 earthquake. After Shinzo Abe returned to power at the end of 2012, he vigorously promoted "Abenomics" and implemented a series of economic stimulus policies, which to some extent boosted the Japanese economy. Before the COVID-19, Japan witnessed a positive trend of stock market rise, export growth, and consumption recovery. After taking office, Fumio Kishida proposed the construction of a "new type of capitalism" to promote a virtuous cycle of economic growth and income distribution, strengthen economic security, and revise the neoliberal economic path, including "Abenomics". Making revitalizing the Japanese economy a top priority, with a focus on addressing rising prices and yen depreciation, increasing national income, and promoting economic growth through investment and reform. In terms of diplomacy, Japan adheres to the Japan US alliance, attaches importance to multilateral diplomacy, and strives to play an important role in international affairs.
Implement the separation of legislative, judicial, and administrative powers in politics. The emperor is a national symbol and has no right to participate in national politics. The Congress is the highest authority and the sole legislative body, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Cabinet is the highest administrative body responsible to the Diet, and the Prime Minister (also known as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet) is elected by the Diet and appointed by the Emperor.
Currently, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party are jointly in power. The ruling party holds a stable majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The current Constitution of Japan was promulgated and implemented on May 3, 1947. Article 9 of the Constitution stipulates: "Japan forever renounces the use of national sovereignty to wage war, the threat of force, or the exercise of force as a means of resolving international disputes. To achieve this goal, Japan does not maintain its land, sea, air force, or other military forces, and does not recognize the country's right to engage in war. This has become an important guarantee for Japan's post-war path of peaceful development, and also an important guarantee for Japan as a peaceful country.
The Congress is composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, serving as the highest authority and the sole legislative body. The House of Representatives has 465 members with a term of 4 years. The Prime Minister has the right to request the Emperor to dissolve the House of Representatives and hold a general election. The Senate has a fixed number of 248 members, with a term of 6 years. Half of them are re elected every 3 years and cannot be dissolved midway. In terms of power, the House of Representatives is superior to the Senate. The regular parliament is held from January to June each year, with a duration of 150 days. Temporary and special congresses can be convened as needed at other times. OTSUJI Hidehisa, a senator, will take office in August 2022. The House of Representatives was dissolved on October 9, 2024, and elections were held on October 27.
The Cabinet is the highest executive body responsible to the National Assembly. Composed of the Prime Minister and ministers in charge of various provincial departments. The Prime Minister of the Cabinet is nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the Emperor, while other Cabinet members are appointed and dismissed by the Prime Minister of the Cabinet and authenticated by the Emperor. The main members of the current cabinet are: Prime Minister ISHIBA Shigeru, Chief Cabinet Secretary and Minister of Okinawa Base Burden Reduction, Minister of Kidnapping Issues HAYASHI Yoshimasa, Minister of General Affairs Murakami Seichirou, Minister of Justice Makihara Hideki, Minister of Finance and Minister of Cabinet Office Special Duties (Finance), Minister of Deflation Relief KATOU Katsunobu, Minister of Foreign Affairs IWAYA Takeshi, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ABE Toshiko, Minister of Health Fukuoka Tomomi OKA Takamaro and OZATO, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Yasuhiro, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and Minister of Atomic Energy Economy Victims, Minister of Green Transformation Promotion, Minister of Industrial Competitiveness, Minister of Cabinet Office Special Duties (Supporting Institutions for Atomic Energy Loss Compensation and Furnace Waste) Mutou Youji, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Water Cycle Policy, Minister of World Horticultural Expo SAITO Tetsuo, Minister of Environment and Cabinet Office Special Duties (Atomic Energy Disaster Prevention) ASAO Keichirou, Minister of Defense Nakatani Gen, Minister of Digitalization and Administrative Reform, Minister of National Civil Service System, Minister of Cybersecurity, Minister of Cabinet Office Special Duties Minister of Personnel (Regulatory Reform) Taira Akira Masaaki, ITOU Tadahiko, Minister of Reconstruction and Comprehensive Affairs for the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident and Regeneration, Chairman of the National Public Security Commission and Minister of Land Resilience, Minister of Territorial Issues, SAKAI Manabu, Minister of Special Affairs for the Cabinet Office (Disaster Prevention and Marine Policy), SAKAI Manabu, Minister of Special Affairs for the Cabinet Office (Children's Policy, Youth Reduction Strategy, Youth Activity, Gender Participation, Symbiosis and Assistance), MIHARA, Minister of Women's Activity and Minister of Symbiosis Society Junko, Minister of Economic Regeneration and New Capitalism, Minister of Wage Increase, Minister of Entrepreneurship, Minister of All Generations Social Security Reform, Minister of Infectious Disease Crisis Management, Minister of Disaster Prevention Agency Preparation, Minister of Cabinet Office Special Duties (Economic and Fiscal Policy), Ryosei Akazawa, Minister of Economic Security and Cabinet Office Special Duties (Cool Japan Strategy, Intellectual Property Strategy, Science and Technology Policy, Space Policy, Economic Security), KiUCHI Minoru, Minister of Cabinet Office Special Duties (Okinawa and Northern Countermeasures, Consumer and Food Safety, Local Revitalization, Ainu Policy), New Local Economy and Living Environment Creation Minister in charge, Minister in charge of the International Expo, Yoshitaka Ito (ITOU) Yoshitaka, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Tachibana Keichirou, AOKI Kazuhiko, Satou Fumitoshi, and Chief Cabinet Legal Officer IWAO Nobuyuki.
【 Administrative divisions 】 Divided into 1 capital (Tokyo: Tokyo)、 1 Road (Hokkaido: Hokkaido)、 2 Prefectures (Osaka Prefecture: Osaka、 Kyoto Prefecture (Kyoto) and 43 prefectures (provinces), consisting of cities, towns, and villages.
Judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and its subordinate courts at all levels. Adopting the "four level three review system". The Supreme Court serves as the final appellate court, hearing cases of unconstitutionality and other major offenses. The High Court is responsible for the second instance and has a total of eight courts nationwide. Each capital, province, prefecture, and county has one local court (four in Hokkaido) responsible for first instance trials. There are also simplified courts and family courts throughout the country, responsible for civil and criminal proceedings that do not exceed fines. The Chief Justice (President) of the Supreme Court is nominated by the Cabinet and appointed by the Emperor, while 14 judges (judges) are appointed by the Cabinet and subject to national voting review. Judges of other levels of courts are nominated by the Supreme Court and appointed by the Cabinet, with a term of 10 years and the possibility of re-election. Judges at all levels shall not be dismissed without formal impeachment. The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, IMASAKI Yukihiko, will take office in August 2024.
The procuratorial organs correspond to the four levels of courts and are divided into the Supreme Procuratorate, the Higher Procuratorate, the Local Procuratorate, and the District Procuratorate. Prosecutors are divided into chief procurator (chief procurator), deputy chief procurator, chief procurator (senior procurator), procurator (local procurator), deputy procurator, etc. Officials above the level of Prosecutor General shall be appointed by the Cabinet. The Minister of Justice has command over the Attorney General. The current Chief Prosecutor, UNEMOTO Naomi, will take office in July 2024.
After World War II, Japan implemented "party politics" and various political parties representing different social classes were successively restored or established. At present, the main political parties are: the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and Komeito Party; The opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, National Democratic Party, Communist Party of Japan, Japan Restoration Society, Social Democratic Party, etc.
(1) Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): The ruling party and the largest party. In November 1955, it was formed by the merger of the former Liberal Party and the Democratic Party, and subsequently governed independently for 38 consecutive years. In 1993, he stepped down and subsequently formed coalition governments with other parties several times. Since April 2000, it has been jointly governing with the Komeito Party and the Conservative Party. In November 2003, the Liberal Democratic Party absorbed one of the three ruling parties, the Conservative New Party, forming a coalition government with the Komeito Party. In August 2009, the Liberal Democratic Party suffered a crushing defeat in the House of Representatives elections and once again became the opposition party. He won the House of Representatives election in December 2012 and returned to power. Advocate based on democratic political concepts, maintain a free economic system, amend the constitution, adhere to the Japan US security system, and enhance independent defense capabilities. In terms of foreign policy, it emphasizes taking the Japan US alliance as the foundation and actively expanding diplomatic layout. Current President Ishiba Shigeru, Vice President Suga Yoshihide, and Secretary General Moriyama Hiroshi.
(2) Gongming Party: The ruling party. Established in November 1964, its parent organization is the Soka Gakkai Society, a religious group. In June 1970, the separation of administration and education was implemented. He participated in the non Liberal Democratic coalition government in August 1993 and went through a split formation. In April 2000, the Komeito Party formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party and the Conservative Party. After the August 2009 House of Representatives elections, it became an opposition party and returned to the ruling party after the December 2012 House of Representatives elections. The party advocates building a "Japan in the World" based on pacifism, adhering to the "Middle Way Line", implementing democracy among the people, respecting local autonomy, and promoting decentralization of power. Current party representative Ishii Keiichi and Secretary General Nishida Makoto.
(3) Constitutional Democratic Party: The largest opposition party. On September 15, 2020, it was reorganized by opposition parties such as the former Constitutional Democratic Party and the former National Democratic Party. The current party representative is NODA Yoshihiko, and the secretary-general is OGAWA Junya.
(4) National Democratic Party: On September 15, 2020, more than 10 members of parliament, including former National Democratic Party leader Yuichiro Tamaki, established a new National Democratic Party. The current party representative, TAMAKI Yuichiro, and Secretary General, SHIMBA Kazuya.
(5) The Communist Party of Japan was established on July 15, 1922 and gained legal status after the war. In the mid-1970s, we entered a peak period of development, and after the 1990s, we adjusted our policy proposals again, emphasizing flexibility and pragmatism. The Party Constitution stipulates that the nature of the Party is a "working class political party" and a "political party for all Japanese citizens". Advocate for the construction of a socialist society and even a communist society; Abolish the Japan US Security Treaty and build Japan into an independent, democratic, peaceful and free country. The current Chairman of the Central Committee, Tomoko Tamura, and the Secretary General of the Central Committee, Akira Koike.
(6) The Japan Restoration Society: Established in November 2015, with the Kinki region as its main sphere of influence. Advocating the establishment of Osaka Metropolis, realizing the sub capitalization of Osaka Prefecture, promoting local decentralization, and breaking centralization. Reform the ruling institutions, promote constitutional amendments, and achieve universal suffrage for the Prime Minister. The current party leader, BABA Nobuyuki, and Secretary General, Fujita Fumitake.
Japan is a world economic powerhouse. According to statistics, Japan's actual gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023 is about 559 trillion yen, a year-on-year increase of 1.9%. For 32 consecutive years, it has been the world's largest creditor country. As of the end of July 2024, foreign exchange reserves amounted to $1219.1 billion. Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 149.15 Japanese yen (as of October 2024). Complete unemployment rate: 2.5% (August 2024).
【 Resources 】 Resources are scarce, with over 90% relying on imports, of which oil is completely dependent on imports. The Japanese government actively develops new energy sources such as nuclear power. As of February 2011, it has 54 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of 49.467 million kilowatts, ranking third in the world. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, all nuclear power plants in Japan were shut down. As of October 2024, 6 nuclear power plants operated by three power companies including Kansai, Kyushu, and Shikoku have been restarted, with a total of 10 nuclear reactors.
The forest area of Japan is about 25.08 million hectares, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the total land area. The forest coverage rate is about 67%, making it one of the countries with the highest forest coverage rate in the world. The self-sufficiency rate of timber is only about 20%, making it the country with the highest import of timber in the world. Japan has many mountains and rivers, abundant hydraulic resources, and reserves of approximately 135.3 billion kilowatt hours per year. Japan's exclusive economic zone covers an area approximately 10 times the size of its territory and is rich in fishery resources.
Foreign trade plays an important role in the national economy, with about 200 countries (regions) having trade relations. According to the statistics of the Japanese Ministry of Finance, the total import and export volume of Japan in 2023 is about 21.11 trillion yen, of which exports are about 100.9 trillion yen and imports are about 110.2 trillion yen.
The main imported goods include: crude oil, natural gas, coal, clothing, electronic components such as semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, metal and iron ore raw materials, etc; The main export commodities include electronic components such as automobiles, steel, semiconductors, plastics, scientific optical instruments, general machinery, chemical products, etc. The main trading partners are China, the United States, South Korea, Australia, etc.
Foreign aid: a major aid donor in the world. The total government development assistance (ODA) expenditure in 2023 is approximately 19.7 billion US dollars.
After Japan's defeat and surrender in 1945, the army was disbanded and military institutions were disbanded. In 1950, Japan established the "Police Reserve Force", later renamed the "Security Force". In 1952, the "Maritime Security Force" was established. In 1954, the Air Self Defense Force was newly established. In July, the "Defense Agency Establishment Law" and the "Self Defense Force Law" were promulgated, renaming the Security Force and Maritime Security Force as the Ground Self Defense Force and Maritime Self Defense Force respectively. The land, sea, and air forces were officially named the Self Defense Forces, and the Defense Agency and Joint Chiefs of Staff were established to improve the commanding structure. In 2007, the Ministry of Defense was upgraded to the Ministry of Defense. On December 17, 2013, the Japanese government officially passed the "National Security Strategy" as the first comprehensive foreign and security policy guideline after World War II at a cabinet meeting, and based on this, determined the "Defense Plan Outline" and "Medium term Defense Force Preparation Plan" (2014-2018). On July 1, 2014, the Japanese government passed a cabinet resolution that limited the lifting of collective self-defense rights. The core content of the resolution is that if countries closely related to Japan are attacked by force, Japan should exercise its power within the necessary minimum range, which should be allowed as a self-defense measure in the constitution. In July and September 2015, Japan passed new security bills in the House of Representatives and the Senate respectively, significantly strengthening the operational capabilities of the Japanese Self Defense Forces from multiple aspects. On December 18, 2018, the Japanese government officially passed the new version of the "Defense Plan Outline" and the "Medium term Defense Force Preparation Plan" at a cabinet meeting. The new Defense Plan Outline reiterates the basic principle of adhering to exclusive defense and not becoming a military power, while pointing out that the security environment around Japan is rapidly increasing in severity and uncertainty. On December 16, 2022, the Japanese government officially passed three revised security documents, namely the National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy, and Defense Force Enhancement Plan, at a cabinet meeting. These documents clearly stated that Japan will develop a "counterattack capability," which is another significant change in Japan's security policy after allowing the exercise of the "collective self-defense right. On December 22, 2023, the Japanese government held a temporary cabinet meeting and a national security assurance meeting, revising the "Three Principles for the Transfer of Defense Equipment" and its implementation guidelines, further relaxing restrictions on the export of weapons and equipment.
The highest commander of the Self Defense Forces is the Prime Minister, and the highest military decision-making body is the Cabinet Council. The Security Council is the highest military review body of the Cabinet, composed of key members such as the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance, Chief Cabinet Secretary, Chairman of the National Public Security Commission, and Minister of Defense. It is responsible for reviewing defense policies, plans for building the Self Defense Forces, and handling various emergencies. The Ministry of Defense is equivalent to the Ministry of National Defense. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is composed of the Chairman and the Chief of Staff of the Ground, Sea, and Air Self Defense Forces. It is responsible for formulating and adjusting the operational, training, and logistical plans of the Self Defense Forces, collecting and researching military intelligence, and commanding joint operations and exercises of two or more branches of the armed forces in a unified manner.
The Japanese Self Defense Forces implement a voluntary military service system. The defense budget for 2024 is 7.9 trillion yen, an increase for 12 consecutive years.
Cultural Education
Japan's annual research funding accounts for approximately 3.59% of its GDP. Japanese school education is divided into four stages: preschool education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. The education system consists of 6 years of primary school, 3 years of junior high school, 3 years of high school, 4 years of university, and 9 years of compulsory education from primary school to junior high school. There are national universities, public universities, and private universities. Famous national comprehensive universities include the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University, while famous private universities include Waseda University and Keio University. Japan attaches great importance to social education, with correspondence, night schools, radio, and television education being more common.
Japan's news publishing industry is well-developed, with a large circulation of newspapers and a wide coverage of radio and television, ranking among the top in the world.
There are 5 national newspapers (Yomiuri Shimbun, Asahi Shimbun, Daiichi Shimbun, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Sankei Shimbun), 3 regional newspapers (China Japan News, Hokkaido News, West Japan News), and more than 100 major local newspapers. Approximately 1900 monthly magazines and 1000 weekly magazines are distributed. More than 70000 books have been published. The more influential magazines include: "Central Public Opinion", "Oriental Economy", "The Economist", "Literary Spring and Autumn Annals", etc.
Kyodo News Agency is the largest news agency in Japan, abbreviated as Kyodo News Agency. Its predecessor was the Alliance News Agency established in January 1936. Jiji News Agency is the second largest news agency, Jiji Press for short, which was founded in November 1945.
There are over 100 private radio stations, including the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) and four major series. NHK is a semi official "public broadcasting and television station" founded in March 1925.
There are mainly more than 100 private television stations, including the semi official "public television station" NHK and five series of private television stations belonging to five major newspapers, as well as several private satellite television stations and private cable television stations. Main television stations: NHK started broadcasting television programs in 1953, which are semi official in nature; Tokyo Broadcasting Corporation (TBS), established in 1951; NTV, established in 1952; TV Asahi, established in 1957; Fuji TV was established in 1957.
Japan's diplomacy is based on the Japan US alliance and values multilateral coordination.