Liechtenstein Passport

【 Country Name 】 The Principality of Liechtenstein, Das F ü rstentum Liechtenstein.

[Area] 160 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 40015 people (as of December 2023), of which foreign population accounts for about 34.3%, mainly from Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and Italy. (Information)

The official language is German.

【 Religion 】 Catholicism is the state religion, with approximately 69.6% of residents practicing Catholicism, 8.1% practicing Christianity, and 6% practicing Islam.

【 Capital 】 Vaduz, with a population of 5811 people (2022).

[Head of State] Duke Hans Adam II. Starting from August 15, 2004, Crown Prince Alois was appointed as regent to handle domestic and international affairs on behalf of the Duke.

[Important Festival] National Day: August 15th; Christmas: December 25th.

A landlocked country located in the central Alps and the Rhine Valley. Switzerland to the west and Austria to the east. The climate is mild, with an average temperature of 1.1 ℃ in January and 19.9 ℃ in July. The Liechtenstein people are descendants of the Germanic people who migrated here after 500 AD. On January 23, 1719, the country was founded under the surname Prince of Liechtenstein. In 1806, it joined the Rhine Union as a sovereign state, and in 1815, it joined the German Union. In 1852, a tariff treaty was signed with the Austro Hungarian Empire. In 1919, the treaty was terminated with the dissolution of the Austro Hungarian Empire. In 1923, a tariff treaty was signed between France and Switzerland, opening up their borders and establishing a common economic zone, using a unified currency - the Swiss franc. During the two World Wars, both sides remained neutral.

The political system is a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy, where the duke holds the highest power. The people exercise their political rights through electing members of parliament, proposing initiatives, and participating in citizen referendums. The new government will be established in 2021, consisting of the Radical Civic Party and the Motherland Alliance.

The Constitution stipulates that the state system is a constitutional monarchy, and the head of state is hereditary. The old constitution was enacted on October 5, 1921. The Duke and Parliament have been negotiating constitutional amendments since September 1995 regarding the distribution of power between the Duke, the government, and Parliament. After difficult negotiations, in March 2003, a referendum was held to approve the constitutional amendment proposed by Duke Hans Adam II. The new constitution officially came into effect on August 14, 2003.

The parliament adopts a unicameral system. The people directly elect the parliament, and the speaker is the highest representative of the people. The parliament participates in legislation, concludes national treaties, manages finances, and supervises the government. The parliamentary term is 4 years. The speaker is elected once a year. The current Speaker, Albert Frick. The Speaker and Members of Parliament are both part-time. The current parliament was elected in February 2021, with 25 members, including 10 seats for the Radical Civic Party, 10 seats for the Fatherland Alliance, 3 seats for the Free List, and 2 seats for the Democratic Party.

The government is composed of 5 members appointed by the Duke based on the recommendation of the parliament, with a term of 4 years. The current government was formed in March 2021. Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Daniel Risch, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, Economy and Environment Sabine Monauni (female), Government Commissioner and Minister of Infrastructure and Justice Graziella Marok Wachte (female), Government Commissioner and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Sports Dominique Hasler (female), Government Commissioner and Minister of Social and Cultural Affairs Manuel Frick.

The judiciary is divided into three levels: local courts, intermediate courts, and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a total of 5 judges, appointed by the Duke based on parliamentary elections for a term of 4 years, with Hubertus Schumacher as its president.

There are currently four main political parties:

(1) The Radical Civic Party (Fortschrittliche B ü rgerpartei) was founded in 1918. Chairman Rainer Gopp.

(2) The Vaterl ä ndische Union was established in 1936. Chairman Thomas Zwiefelhofer.

(3) The Freie Liste, established in 1986, consists of young intellectuals and environmentalists. Entered parliament for the first time in 1993. The presidium is composed of 5 people.

(4) The Democratic Party of Liechtenstein (Demokraten pro Liechtenstein) was established in 2018, with party chairman Thomas Rehak.

[Important Person] Duke Hans Adam II: Head of State. Born in February 1945. I have studied in Vienna and St. Gallen, Switzerland, and received vocational training at a bank in London. Obtained a Bachelor's degree in Economics. In August 1984, his father Franz Joseph II delegated most of the power to him, who was responsible for government affairs. On November 13, 1989, Joseph II passed away, and on the same day, Hans Adam announced his succession and named himself Hans Adam II. Having expertise in finance and economics, advocating active participation in international affairs. After taking office, he successively joined the United Nations, the European Free Trade Association, and the European Economic Area. Married with 4 children.

Prince Regent of Alois: born in June 1968. In 1987, he went to study at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the UK and served in Hong Kong and London. Obtained a Master's degree in Law from the University of Salzburg in Austria. I worked at an economic evaluation company in London from 1993 to 1996. On August 15, 1990, he was sworn in as the heir to the Duke. Regent from August 15th, 2004. Married, with three sons and one daughter.

Originally a poor agricultural country, most people engaged in animal husbandry, with only small-scale industries such as textiles and ceramics. After the war, it gradually developed into a developed industrial country. Industry is the pillar of the national economy, with over 95% of industrial products being exported. The financial industry is well-developed, with 12 banks and a net income of 238 million Swiss francs in 2021. The amount of funds managed by the banks is 20.06 billion Swiss francs. Stamps began to be issued in 1912, and stamps from various countries are well-known and also an important source of national finance. The main economic data are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 7.36 billion US dollars (2022)

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 187000 US dollars (2022, World Bank data)

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: -4.5% (2022)

Currency name: Swiss Franc, 1 Swiss Franc=100 Cents

Inflation rate: 2.1% (2023)

Unemployment rate: 1.4% (2023)

【 Resources 】 There is a marble mine. The forest covers an area of 67 square kilometers, accounting for approximately 42% of the country's total land area.

Industry is well-developed, mainly including metal processing, machinery, instrument manufacturing, ceramics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, and food processing. Vacuum coating products, nail guns used in shipbuilding and construction industries, drilling machines, and denture products enjoy international reputation. Industrial products are of high quality and competitive, mainly exported to European and American countries.

The agricultural land area is 35.9 square kilometers, accounting for 22.4% of the total land area. Mainly planting potatoes, corn, and grapes. 45% of the agricultural gross output value comes from the milk industry.

The service industry is well-developed, mainly including tourism, finance, and insurance.

The tourism industry is located on the north-south transportation artery of Europe, with beautiful natural scenery, the unique charm of the "pocket country", and favorable conditions for the development of tourism such as royal exhibitions and alpine ski resorts.

Transportation mainly relies on road transportation, with no highways or railways within the territory.

The government's fiscal revenue and expenditure in recent years are as follows: (Unit: CHF 100 million)