Montenegro Passport

【 Country Name 】 Montenegro (Crna Gora).

【 Area 】 13900 square kilometers.

Population: 623000 (2023). Montenegrin ethnic group accounts for 41.1%, Serbian ethnic group accounts for 32.9%, Bosniak ethnic group accounts for 9.4%, and Albanian ethnic group accounts for 4.9%. The official language is Black Mountain language. The main religion is Eastern Orthodoxy.

【 Capital 】 Podgorica, with a population of 179000 (2023).

【 Head of State 】 President Jakov Milatovi ć was elected in April 2023.

National Day: July 13th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the central western part of the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, it borders Albania to the southeast, Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia to the northwest, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, with a coastline of 293 kilometers. Information on Western and Diplomatic Institutions

The central region is a hilly plain area, while the northern and northeastern regions are plateaus and mountains. The annual average precipitation is 1798 millimeters. Winter is cold and rainy, while summer is hot and dry. The climate is divided into Mediterranean climate, temperate continental climate, and mountainous climate from south to north according to the terrain.

In the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD, some Slavs migrated to the Balkan Peninsula. In the 9th century, the Slavs established the "Duklia" state in the Black Mountain region. In the 11th century, "Duklia" was renamed "Zeta" and merged into Serbia at the end of the 12th century. In 1356, "Zeta" gained independence from Serbia. In the 15th century, the Ottoman Türkiye Empire occupied the present Podgorica and its north. In 1878, the Berlin Conference recognized Montenegro as an independent country. After World War I in 1918, Montenegro joined the "Kingdom of Serbs Croats Slovenes" and was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. In 1941, the Second World War broke out, and German and Italian fascists invaded and occupied the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1945, the Yugoslav people won the victory in the anti fascist war. On November 29th of the same year, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was declared established. In 1963, it was renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

In the early 1990s, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia disintegrated and Montenegro and Serbia formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On February 4, 2003, the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia passed the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro, renaming the country to Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro held a referendum on national independence and it was approved. On June 3 of the same year, Montenegro declared independence. On June 28th, Montenegro joined the United Nations.

In April 2023, Jakov Milatovi ć, the candidate of the "Europe Now" movement party, won the presidential election and was inaugurated in May. In June, parliamentary elections were held, and the "Europe Now" Movement Party became the largest party in parliament. On October 31st, a new government was established and Prime Minister Milojko SPAJI Ć was sworn in.

The Constitution officially came into effect on October 22, 2007.

The national legislative body is a unicameral system. Members of parliament are elected through direct elections for a term of four years. The current parliament was formed on July 27, 2023, with a total of 81 seats. Among them, the "Europe Now" Movement Party has 20 seats, the Socialist Democratic Party has 17 seats, the New Serbia Democratic Party and the Democratic People's Party campaign alliance has 13 seats, the Democratic Montenegro Party has 7 seats, the Bosniak Party has 6 seats, the United Reform Movement Party has 4 seats, the Albanian Party has 4 seats, the Social Democratic Party has 3 seats, the Socialist People's Party and the "Citizens" Movement Party campaign alliance have 3 seats, the Croatian Party has 1 seat, and there are 3 independent members of parliament.

The government is the executive body of state power. The current government was established in October 2023 and underwent restructuring in July 2024. Prime Minister Milojko SPAJI Ć, Deputy Prime Minister Aleksa BE Č I Ć responsible for security, defense, internal affairs, and combating crime, Deputy Prime Minister Filip IVANOVI Ć responsible for foreign and European affairs, Deputy Prime Minister Budimir ALEKSI Ć responsible for education, science, and religious group relations, Deputy Prime Minister Milun ZOGOVI Ć responsible for infrastructure and regional development, Deputy Prime Minister Momo KOPRIVICA responsible for political system, justice, and anti-corruption, responsible for Nik Đ ELJO Š AJ, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Policy and Minister for Economic Development, Ervin IBRAHIMOVI Ć, Deputy Prime Minister for International Relations and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Energy Sa š a MUJOVI Ć, Minister of Justice BojanBO Ž OVI Ć, Minister of European Affairs Maida GOR Č EVI Ć, female, Minister of Finance Novica VUKOVI Ć, Minister of Education, Science and Innovation An đ ela JAK Š I Ć STOJANOVI Ć, female, Minister of Health Vojislav Š IMUN, Minister of Maritime Affairs Filip Radulovic I Ć, Minister of Labor, Employment and Social Dialogue Naida NI Š I Ć, female, Minister of Interior Danilo Š ARANOVI Ć, Minister of Defense Dragan KRAPOVI Ć, Tamara VUJOVI Ć, Minister of Culture and Media, Damjan Ć ULAFI Ć, Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Northern Development, Mirsad AZEMOVI Ć, Minister of Diaspora, Damir GUTI Ć, Minister of Population, Family Care and Social Welfare, Admir Š AHMANOVI Ć, Minister of Mines and Oil and Gas, Ernad SULJEVI Ć, Minister of Regional Investment Development and Non Governmental Organization Cooperation, spatial planning, urban planning and state-owned property. Minister Slaven RADUNOVI Ć, Minister of Tourism Simonida KORDI Ć, female, Minister of Transport Maja VUKI Ć EVI Ć, Female), Minister of Sports and Youth Dragoslav Š Ć EKI Ć, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources Management Vladimir JOKOVI Ć, Minister of Public Administration Mara š DUKAJ, Minister of Human Rights and Minority Rights Fatmir Đ EKA, regardless of Minister Milutin Butorovi Ć.

【 Main website 】

President Office: www.predsjednik.me

Parliament: www.skupstina.me

Government: www.gov.me

Ministry of Foreign Affairs: www.gov.me/mvp

There are a total of 25 administrative divisions.

The judiciary is divided into the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, Administrative Court, Court of Appeal, Economic Court, Intermediate Court, and Primary Court. Acting President of the Supreme Court, Vesna VU Č KOVI Ć, female. Sne ž ana ARMENKO, President of the Constitutional Court, female. The national procuratorial system consists of the Supreme Procuratorate, one Special Procuratorate, two Senior Procuratorates, and 13 Junior Procuratorates. Milorad MARKOVI Ć, Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

Political parties implement a multi-party system. The main political parties are:

(1) The "European Now" Movement Party (Pokret Evropa sad): established in 2022. The party chairman is Milojko Spasic.

(2) Socialist Democratic Party (Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne Gore): Originally the Communist Union Party of Montenegro, it was renamed to its current name in June 1991. The party chairman is Danijel Ž IVKOVI Ć.

(3) Gra đ anski pokret URA: Established in 2015. The party chairman is Dritan ABAZOVI Ć.

(4) Socialist People's Party (Socijalisti č ka Narodna Partija Crne Gore): Established in 1998. The party chairman is Vladimir JOKOVI Č.

(5) Democratic Montenegro Party (Demokratska Crna Gora): Established in April 2015. The party chairman is Alekska BE Č I Ć.

(6) Nova Srpska Demokratija: Established in 2009. The party chairman is Andrija Mandi Ć.

(7) Democratic People's Party (Demokratska Narodna Partija): Established in 2012. The party chairman is Milan KNE Ž EVI Ć.

Yakov Miratovich: President. Born on December 7th, 1986. Graduated from the School of Economics at the University of Montenegro. After graduation, he worked at Deutsche Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. From 2020 to 2022, he will serve as the Minister of Economic Development of Montenegro. Participated in the formation of the "Europe Now" Movement Party in June 2022. Elected as President in April 2023 and inaugurated on May 21st.

Milojko Spajic: Prime Minister. Born on September 24th, 1987. Master's degree in Financial Economics from Paris Business School. From 2020 to 2022, he will serve as the Minister of Finance and Social Welfare of Montenegro. In 2022, participated in the establishment of the "Europe Now" Movement Party and served as its chairman. Appointed as Prime Minister in October 2023.

External Relations: Making joining the European Union the primary strategic goal, while considering the EU, the United States, and China as major partners for cooperation. Adhering to the policy of good neighborliness and friendship, committed to promoting regional peace and stability. Applied to join the European Union at the end of 2008, obtained EU candidate status in December 2010, and initiated accession negotiations in June 2012. Joined NATO in June 2017.

The tourism and aluminum industry are the pillars of Montenegro's economy. After the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, Montenegro's economy has been declining due to the impact of war and international sanctions. In recent years, with the improvement of the external environment and the promotion of various economic reforms, the economy has gradually recovered and shown an overall growth trend. The Montenegrin government regards tourism, energy, agriculture, and infrastructure as key areas, and attaches great importance to improving the investment environment and attracting foreign investment.

The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 6.96 billion euros.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 6.3%.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 10998 euros.

Currency: Euro (not part of the Eurozone).

Inflation rate: 4.3%.

Unemployment rate: 13.1% (2023).

(Data source: National Bureau of Statistics of Montenegro, Central Bank of Montenegro, etc., the same below)

As of the end of 2023, the public debt is 4.12 billion euros, accounting for approximately 60.24% of the gross domestic product.

The main trading partners are Serbia, China, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, etc. In 2023, the total foreign trade volume was 4.48 billion euros, an increase of 5.8% compared to the previous year. Among them, the export value was 674 million euros, a decrease of 3.7%; The import value was 3.81 billion euros, an increase of 7.8%.

【 Resources 】 Rich in forests and water resources, with a forest coverage rate of 60%. There are abundant reserves of resources such as aluminum and coal, with approximately 40 million tons of bauxite ore and 350 million tons of brown coal.

In 2023, the industrial output value will increase by 6.4% year-on-year. The main industrial sectors include mining, construction, metallurgy, food processing, electricity, and wood processing.

The national agricultural land area is about 256000 hectares, accounting for approximately 18.5% of the total land area. The vast majority of agricultural land is pasture and artificial grassland, with a arable land area of 334000 hectares. The main agricultural products are wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, plums, olives, and grapes. The main livestock products are: cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, and horses.

The service industry is relatively developed, with tourism being one of the most important industries in Montenegro. The service industry mainly includes wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, real estate, telecommunications, finance, etc.

The tourism industry is an important component of Montenegro's national economy and a major source of foreign exchange income. The main scenic areas are the Adriatic coast and national parks. In 2023, the total number of foreign tourists visiting Montenegro is about 2.45 million. Tourists mainly come from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.

Transportation mainly relies on railways and highways. The transportation situation is as follows:

Railway: With a total length of 250 kilometers and 46 stations.

Highway: with a total length of 9912 kilometers.

Air freight: There are two airports, namely Podgorica Airport and Tivat Airport, connecting over 30 destinations in Europe and the Middle East.

Water transportation: Bar Port is the main port in Montenegro and can accommodate large ocean going ships. The total throughput in 2022 is 2.93 million tons.

There are approximately 1.27 million mobile phone users in Montenegro. In 2023, the average monthly salary after tax is 792 euros.

The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces. The National Security Council is the highest military decision-making body in Montenegro, consisting of the President, Prime Minister, Speaker, Minister of Defense, and Chief of the General Staff. Joined NATO on June 5th, 2017.

Montenegro has a complete education system, including preschool education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, adult education, and special education. The 8-year compulsory education has been popularized. Montenegro University is a national comprehensive higher education institution, as well as two private universities, namely, the University of Gorica and the Mediterranean University.