New Zealand Passport

[Country Name] New Zealand.

【 Area 】 Approximately 270000 square kilometers.

The population is approximately 5.338 million (as of June 2024). Among them, descendants of European immigrants account for 67.8%, M ā ori people account for 17.8%, Asian people account for 17.3%, and Pacific Islanders account for 8.9% (partially with multi-ethnic identity). The official languages are English and Maori.

【 Capital 】 Wellington. The average temperature is around 16 ℃ in summer and around 8 ℃ in winter.

[Head of State] King Charles III of England. The Governor General is the representative of the King, nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the King, with a term of 5 years. The current Governor Cindy Kiro took office in October 2021.

[Important Festival] National Day: February 6th, known as "Waitangi Day".

【 Overview 】 Located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, facing Australia across the Tasman Sea to the west, with a distance of 1600 kilometers. Composed of the South Island, North Island, and some small islands, the South and North Islands are separated by the Cook Strait. The entire region is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for over 75% of the country's area, and narrow plains. The river is short and turbulent, making navigation inconvenient, but it has abundant water resources. North Island has many volcanoes and hot springs, while South Island has many glaciers and lakes. The Cook Peak on the South Island has an elevation of 3754 meters, making it the highest peak in the country. The coastline is about 15000 kilometers long. It belongs to temperate oceanic climate. The average temperature is around 20 ℃ in summer and around 10 ℃ in winter. The annual average precipitation is 600-1500 millimeters.

Since 1350, the Maori people have settled in New Zealand. In 1642, Dutch sailors landed in New Zealand. From 1769 to 1777, Captain Cook of England visited New Zealand five times. Afterwards, Britain immigrated in large numbers to New Zealand and declared occupation. On February 6, 1840, Britain signed the Treaty of Waitangi with Maori chiefs, making New Zealand a British colony. In 1907, it gained independence and became a British Dominion, with politics, economy, and diplomacy under British control. In 1947, it became a sovereign state and a member of the Commonwealth.

There is no written constitution. Its constitution is composed of a series of laws and amendments passed by the British Parliament and the New Zealand Parliament, as well as certain decisions of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

The unicameral system with only a House of Representatives was established in 1854. Members of parliament are elected by universal suffrage for a term of three years. The current parliament is the 54th and will be formed in December 2023. There are a total of 123 seats, with the National Party holding 49 seats, the Labour Party holding 34 seats, the Green Party holding 15 seats, the Action Party holding 11 seats, the Priority Party holding 8 seats, and the Maori Party holding 6 seats. The current Speaker, Hon Gerry Brownlee.

Since 1935, the Labour Party and the National Party have alternated in power. In November 1993, a national referendum decided to change the parliamentary election system from a simple majority system to a mixed proportional representation system. The first mixed proportional representation general election was held in October 1996, and the National Party and New Zealand First Party formed a coalition government. In October 2017, the Labour Party formed a coalition government with the New Zealand First Party and the Green Party, with Labour Party leader Jacinda Ardern serving as Prime Minister. In October 2020, the New Zealand Labour Party won the general election with an absolute advantage of over half of the seats in parliament, and Ardern was re elected as Prime Minister. In January 2023, Ardern announced his resignation as Prime Minister and Chris Shipkins took over as Prime Minister. After the October New Zealand general election, Shipkins became the caretaker prime minister. In November 2023, the New Zealand National Party, First Party, and Action Party formed a coalition government, with National Party leader Christopher Luxon serving as Prime Minister.

The executive council composed of the governor and ministers is the highest statutory administrative body. The Executive Council is chaired by the Governor General, and in the absence of the Governor General, it is chaired by the Prime Minister or Senior Minister. The exercise of power by the governor must be guided by the recommendations of the executive council. The cabinet holds real power. The current government is composed of the National Party, the Priority Party, and the Action Party in November 2023. The main members include: Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Winston Peters (Deputy Prime Minister until May 31, 2025), Deputy Prime Minister and Regulatory Minister David Seymour (Deputy Prime Minister from May 31, 2025), Finance Minister Nicola Willis, Trade Minister Todd McClay, Justice Minister Paul Goldsmith, Defense Minister Judith Collins, etc.

There are 11 major regions, 5 single jurisdictions, and 67 regional administrative institutions (including 13 city halls, 53 district councils, and Chatham Islands Council) in the country. The main cities include Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch (Christchurch), Hamilton, Dunedin, etc.

The judicial system includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, several local courts, and specialized courts that handle legal issues related to employment, family, youth affairs, Maori affairs, environment, and more. The Supreme Court was established on January 1, 2004, replacing the Privy Council as the final court of appeal, consisting of the Chief Justice and four judges. The appellate court is composed of the president and nine judges. The High Court is composed of 38 judges and 7 associate judges,.

Political parties mainly include:

(1) National Party: One of the ruling parties. It was formed by the merger of the Liberal Party and the Reform Party in 1936. Mainly representing the interests of farmers, entrepreneurs, lawyers, and others. Advocate for the implementation of a free market economy and privatization, oppose excessive government intervention in the economy, strictly regulate welfare policies, and reduce government spending. Having been in power multiple times. After the 2017 election, he became an opposition party and won the 2023 election, leading the formation of a government. Current leader Christopher Luxon.

(2) ACT Party: One of the ruling parties. Formerly known as the Consumer and Taxpayer Association founded by Roger Douglas, a Labour government minister, it was renamed to its current name in November 1994. Current leader David Seymour.

(3) New Zealand First Party: One of the ruling parties. Established in 1993, it formed a coalition government with the National Party from 1996 to 1998 and with the Labour Party from 2005 to 2008. It advocates increasing support for the economic development of places other than big cities, limiting immigration, and opposing the sale of strategic land and assets to foreigners. After the 2017 general election, he joined forces with the Labour Party and the Green Party to govern. Returning to parliament in the 2023 general election. The current leader is Winston Peters, who serves as the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of New Zealand.

(4) Labour Party: The main opposition party. Established in 1916. It mainly represents the interests of low - and middle-income earners, with trade unions and Maori as its traditional supporters. Advocate the implementation of democratic socialism, attach importance to the social welfare system, and increase government intervention in social policies. Having been in power multiple times. After the 2017 general election, he joined forces with the New Zealand First Party and the Green Party to govern. In 2020, jointly formed a government with the Green Party. Current leader Chris Hipkins.

(5) Green Party: formerly known as the Value Party, established in 1972, merged with Greenpeace in 1990 and changed its name to its current form. Actively committed to anti war, anti nuclear, environmental protection movements and safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups such as the elderly and impoverished families. Joined the Alliance Party in 1991. In 1999, he left the Alliance Party. After the 2017 general election, he joined forces with the Labour Party and the First Party to govern. In 2020, jointly formed a government with the Labour Party. Current leaders Marama Davidson and Chl ö e Swarbrick.

(6) Maori Party: In April 2004, due to disagreements with the Labour government on Maori issues, Associate Minister of Maori Affairs Tariana Turia resigned and formed the Maori Party. Advocate for safeguarding the traditional interests of the Maori people, protecting Maori culture, customs, and language. Current co leaders Debbie Ngarewa Parker and Rawiri Waititi.

[Important Person] Cindy Kylo: Governor. Female, the first Governor General of Maori descent in New Zealand's history and former Chief Executive Officer of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Engaged in long-term work in public health, child welfare, education and other fields, awarded the "New Zealand Jazz Medal". Appointed in October 2021, with a term of 5 years.

Christopher Larson: Prime Minister. Elected as a New Zealand Member of Parliament in 2020. Former CEO of Air New Zealand and spokesperson for local government, research, science, manufacturing, and land information for the opposition National Party. Appointed as the leader of the National Party in November 2021. Appointed as the Prime Minister of New Zealand in November 2023.

The economy is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry, with a developed service industry. The main economic data are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product (2023): 253.466 billion US dollars

Per capita Gross Domestic Product (2023): Approximately 48500 US dollars

Economic growth rate (2023): 0.6%.

Currency: New Zealand dollar (1 Singapore dollar ≈ 0.60 US dollars, November 2024).

Unemployment rate: 4.6% (Q2 2024).

The industry mainly focuses on the processing of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry products, including dairy products, blankets, food, leather, tobacco, paper and wood processing, and other light industries. The products are mainly exported. In recent years, some heavy industries have been established, such as steelmaking, refining, aluminum refining, and manufacturing agricultural aircraft.

Agriculture is highly mechanized. The main crops include wheat, barley, oats, fruits, etc. The livestock industry is well-developed, and dairy products and meat are the most important export products.

Forestry has a forest area of 8.1 million hectares, including 6.3 million hectares of natural forests and 1.8 million hectares of artificial forests. The main export products include logs, wood paddles, paper and boards, and the main export markets are Australia, Japan, China, South Korea, the United States, Indonesia, Taiwan, China, China, etc.

The main sources of tourists in the tourism industry are Australia, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

In 2023, the total value of New Zealand's goods trade was SGD 203.41 billion, including SGD 95.47 billion in exports and SGD 107.94 billion in imports. We mainly import petroleum, electromechanical products, automobiles, electronic equipment, textiles, etc., and export dairy products, meat, forest products, crude oil, fruits, and fish. The main trading partners are China, Australia, the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore.

The governor is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the nominal supreme commander. The Minister of National Defense exercises actual control over the military with the assistance of the Commander of the National Defense Forces. The Commander of the National Defense Forces is the Chief Military Advisor to the Minister of National Defense and also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. At the end of 1972, the conscription system was abolished and a voluntary military service system was implemented.

Education: National primary and secondary schools offer free education, with a minimum enrollment age of 5 years old; Provide compulsory education for teenagers aged 6-15. The main universities include: University of Auckland, Auckland Institute of Technology, University of Waikato, University of Victoria, University of Canterbury, Massey University, University of Otago, and University of Lincoln. The main sources of international students in New Zealand are China, South Korea, Japan, India, etc.

There are over 100 newspapers in the country, including the New Zealand Herald and the Dominion Post. The main radio stations include New Zealand Radio, New Zealand Television, and New Zealand Maori Television.

Prioritize relations with Australia and Pacific Island countries in foreign relations; Actively developing relations with the United States, maintaining traditional relations with European countries, and emphasizing the development of relations with ASEAN countries; Actively supporting and participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and humanitarian assistance, seeking to play a role in international organizations; Advocate multilateralism and promote the leading role of the United Nations in international and regional affairs; Supporting the multilateral trading system, advocating for free and fair trade, valuing participation in regional economic cooperation, actively promoting trade and investment liberalization processes such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership (CPTPP); Emphasizing the defensive role of the military and its multiple functions in participating in peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, etc; Advocate for continuing to promote the international nuclear disarmament process and ultimately achieving the complete elimination of nuclear weapons; Adhere to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone and support the establishment of the Southeast Asia Nuclear Free Zone; Actively participate in international cooperation in addressing climate change and counter-terrorism.