Nicaragua Passport

【 Country Name 】 The Republic of Nicaragua (La Rep ú blica de Nicaragua).

[Area] 130400 square kilometers.

Population: 6.844 million people (2023). Indo European mixed race people account for 69%, white people 17%, black people 9%, and Native Americans 5%.

Spanish is the official language.

【 Religion 】 Many residents believe in Catholicism.

Currency: C ó rdoba, 1 US dollar=36.87 C ó rdoba (October 2024).

【 Capital 】 Managua, with a population of 1.095 million. The highest temperature is 32 ℃ and the lowest temperature is 23 ℃.

[Head of State] President Daniel Ortega Saavedra. Elected president in 2006. He was re elected three times in 2011, 2016, and 2021. Appointed in January 2022, with a term of 5 years.

Independence Day: September 15th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the central part of Central America. It borders Honduras to the north, Costa Rica to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It belongs to tropical climate. The dry season is from January to May, and the rainy season is from June to December. The annual average temperature is 25.5 ℃.

Originally inhabited by Native Americans. It was colonized by Spain in 1524. Independence was declared on September 15, 1821. Joined the Confederation of Central America in 1823. The Republic was established in 1839. With the support of the United States, the Somocha family has been dictatorship over Nepal for over 40 years since 1936. In 1979, the Sandinista National Liberation Front overthrew the Somocha regime and began to govern. In 1990, the Sangjie Front stepped down. The Constitutional Liberal Party has been in power for two consecutive terms since 1996. Since 2006, the Sangjie Front has been in power again until now.

In November 2006, Ortega, the leader of the Sandinista Front who had been in power in the 1980s, was re elected as president and took office in January 2007. Ortega was re elected three times in 2011, 2016, and 2021. I will take office in January 2022 and serve until 2027.

The Constitution was passed by the National Assembly in August 1986 and came into effect in January 1987. The constitution was amended three times in February 1995, January 2000, and December 2004. Nepal is an independent, free, autonomous, unified, and indivisible country. The central authority of the country is composed of the President, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Election Commission. The President is the Head of State, the Head of Government, and the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. The president and members of parliament are elected for a term of 5 years and can be re elected. The appointment of cabinet ministers by the President requires approval from the Parliament, which has the power to dismiss government officials and overturn the President's veto of bills.

The National Assembly is a unicameral system consisting of 91 members with a term of 5 years. The Speaker's term of office is one year and he/she can be re elected. The current parliament was formed in January 2022, with 75 seats for the Sandinista Front, 10 seats for the Constitutional Freedom Party, 2 seats for the Independent Freedom Party, 2 seats for the Nicaraguan Freedom Union, 1 seat for the Republican Union, and 1 seat for the "Children of the Land Mother" party. The current Speaker is Gustavo Eduardo Porras, a member of the Sandinista Front, who will serve until 2026.

The current government was established in January 2022. The main members include Vice President Rosario Murillo (female, Rosario Murillo), Interior Minister Mar í a Amelia Coronel Kinloch (female, Mar í a Amelia Coronel Kinloch), Foreign Minister Waldrack Ludwing Jaentschke Whitaker, Finance and Public Credit Minister Bruno Gallardo, Defense Minister Rosa Adelina Barahona Castro (female, Rosa Adelina Barahona Castro), Minister of Development, Industry and Trade Jes ú s Berm ú dez, Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry. Diana Raquel Fuentes Ram í rez (female, Indiana Raquel Fuentes Ram í rez), Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure Oscar Moxica Ovregon（ Ó scar Mojica Obreg ó n), Minister of Health (currently unavailable), Minister of Labor Alba Torres (female), Minister of Environment and Natural Resources Eddie Loredana Calder ó n Palma (female), Minister of Energy and Mines Salvador Mansell Castillero, Minister of Family and Community Economy Justa Perez Fulvia Castro (female), Minister of Education Mandy Ar á uz (female), Minister of Family and Youth Joanna Flores (female), Minister of Women Naima Quevara Ag ü ero (female), Minister of Youth Darling de los Angeles Hernandez Castro (female) Á ngeles Hern á ndez Castro.

The country is divided into 16 provinces and two autonomous regions, with 153 municipalities under its jurisdiction.

The judicial system includes the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Court of the Republic. The Supreme Court is composed of 16 justices elected by the National Assembly, with a term of 5 years.

The main political parties are:

(1) The Sandinista de Liberaci ó n National Front, FSLN）： The ruling party. Established on July 23, 1961, mainly composed of workers, farmers, and intellectuals, it engaged in a long-term armed struggle to overthrow the military dictatorship of Somocha. Served from July 1979 to April 1990. He won the general election in November 2006 and has been in power again for 16 years. The General Secretary is the current President Daniel Ortega Saavedra.

(2) Partido Liberal Independiente (PLI): The opposition party. Established in 1944, it was mainly composed of members of the Liberal Nationalist Party who were dissatisfied with the Somocha family and left. President Jos é del Carmen Alvarado.

(3) Constitutional Liberal Party (PLC): The opposition party. Established in 1968. He took office for the first time in 1996. He won again in the general election in November 2001. Chairperson Mar í a Hayde é Osuna and General Secretary Martha Mccoy.

(4) Alianza Liberal Nicaragua ü ense, ALN）： opposition party. Founded in 2006 by former Interior Minister Montealegre, it was spun off from the Constitutional Liberal Party. President Alejandro Mej í a Ferreti.

(5) Uni ó n Dem ó crata Renovador: opposition party, established on May 18, 1995. Originally known as the Sandinista Reform Movement, it was mainly composed of some cadres, intellectuals, and artists who separated from the Sandinista Liberation Front, advocating for the maintenance of social democracy, the rule of law, and fairness. Chairperson Suyen Barahona (female).

Daniel Ortega Saavedra: President. Born in 1945. Joined the Sangjie Formation in 1963. In 1981, he served as the coordinator of the Executive Committee of the National Revitalization Government (equivalent to the head of government). Elected president in 1984 and served from 1985 to 1990. Since 1991, he has served as the General Secretary of the Sangjie Front. In 1990, 1996, and 2001, he lost three presidential elections. In 2006, he won the election again. He was re elected three times in 2011, 2016, and 2021. Appointed in January 2022, with a term until January 2027.

The economy is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. Mainly producing cotton, coffee, sugarcane, bananas, meat, etc. In recent years, the overall economy has remained stable, and the World Bank and the Central American Bank for Economic Integration have repeatedly approved special loans for Nigeria's anti epidemic and infrastructure projects. Standard&Poor's has upgraded Nepal's long-term sovereign credit rating from B - to B.

The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 17.829 billion US dollars (converted at local currency exchange rates)

Per capita GDP: 2608.3 US dollars

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 4.6%

Inflation rate: 4.93%

Unemployment rate: 3.7%

Nepal is a member of the World Trade Organization. Signed free trade agreements with Mexico, other Central American countries, the Dominican Republic, and the United States, and signed tariff preference agreements with Colombia, Venezuela, the European Union, Canada, Japan, and others. In 2023, Nepal's exports amounted to 6.688 billion US dollars and imports amounted to 9.38 billion US dollars, with year-on-year growth of 6% and 3.1% respectively. The main exports include gold, coffee, meat, dairy products, sugar, peanuts, etc. The main export destinations are the United States, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Mexico, etc. The main source countries for imported raw materials, consumer goods, petroleum, fuel, lubricants, etc. are the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Venezuela.

We adhere to a non aligned foreign policy and emphasize the establishment and development of relations with countries based on the principles of sovereign equality, national self-determination, and mutual respect. Advocate for peaceful resolution of international disputes, protection of human rights, and support all actions aimed at easing international tensions, promoting disarmament, and stopping the arms race. Advocate strengthening South South cooperation, improving North South economic relations, and supporting United Nations reform.