Panama Passport

The Republic of Panama, la Rep ú blica de Panama.

【 Area 】 75500 square kilometers.

Population: 4.46 million (2023). Indo European mixed race people account for 65%, followed by 12% African Americans, 10% European Americans, 7% Chinese Americans, and 6% Native Americans.

Spanish is the official language.

85% of residents believe in Catholicism.

[Currency] The US dollar is freely circulated, with Balboa as a secondary currency, which is equivalent to the US dollar.

Panama City, Ciudad de Panama, has a population of 1.36 million.

[Head of State] President Jos é Ra ú l Mulino, inaugurated on July 1, 2024, for a term of 5 years.

Independence Day: November 3rd.

【 Overview 】 Located in the isthmus of Central America. It borders Colombia to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the south, Costa Rica to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the north. The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from north to south. The total length of the coastline is 2988 kilometers. Located near the equator, it belongs to a tropical oceanic climate with an average annual temperature of 23-27 ℃. The year is divided into two seasons: drought (January to April) and rain (May to December), with an average annual precipitation of 1500 to 2500 millimeters.

Originally inhabited by Native Americans. In 1501, it became a Spanish colony. In 1821, it gained independence and joined the Republic of Colombia. In 1903, with the support of the United States, there was a "second independence". In the same year, Panama and the United States signed the Canal Treaty, granting the United States a permanent monopoly on the construction and operation of the Panama Canal, as well as the permanent occupation and use of the canal area. In 1914, the United States opened the canal. In 1977, Panama and the United States signed the New Canal Treaty, commonly known as the Torrijos Carter Treaty, which stipulated that after the treaty came into effect, the sovereignty of the canal belonged to Panama, but the operation rights still belonged to the United States. The treaty officially came into effect on October 1, 1979. In 1989, the United States invaded Panama militarily and supported a new pro American government. On December 31, 1999, Panama officially regained sovereignty and management rights over the Canal Zone.

On May 5, 2024, the candidate of the Goal Party, Mulino, was elected president and inaugurated on July 1.

The current Constitution came into effect in 1972 and has undergone four revisions in 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004. The separation of powers in the country is stipulated, with the President as the head of state, elected directly for a term of 5 years and not eligible for re-election, but can run for office in alternate terms. In 1994, Panama amended its constitution to abolish the military and establish a police force. In 2004, another constitutional amendment renamed the National Assembly as the National Assembly and retained only one Vice President position.

The National Assembly is a unicameral system that exercises legislative power. Composed of 71 members of parliament. Members of parliament are elected through direct elections for a term of 5 years. The current parliament was established on July 1, 2024, with the following seats held by each party: Goal Party (ruling party) 13 seats, Democratic Revolution Party 13 seats, Democratic Change Party 8 seats, Panamanian Party 8 seats, Another Way Party 3 seats, Alliance Party 2 seats, People's Party 2 seats, National Republican Freedom Movement Party 1 seat, Independent Member of Parliament 20 seats, and 1 disputed seat yet to be determined. Dana Casta ñ eda, the President of the National Assembly and a member of the Goal Party, will take office in July 2024 for a one-year term.

The current government was established on July 1, 2024, with the following main members: Juan Carlos Orillac, Minister of the Presidential Palace; Dinoska Montalvo, Minister of the Government; Javier Mart í nez Acha, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Lucy Molinar, Minister of Education; Jos é Luis Andrade, Minister of Public Works; Fernando Boyd Galindo, Minister of Health; Jackeline Mu ñó z, Minister of Labor; and Jacqueline Mu ñó z, Minister of Commerce and Industry. Minister Julio Molt ó, Minister of Housing and Land Management Jaime Honan Jovan é, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Development Roberto Linares, Minister of Social Development Beatriz Carles, Minister of Economy and Finance Felipe Chapman, Minister of Canal Affairs Jos é Ram ó n Icaza, Minister of Public Security Frank Á brego, Minister of Environment Juan Carlos Navarro, Minister of Culture Maruja Herrera, and Minister of Women Nurka Palacios.

[Administrative divisions] The country is divided into 10 provinces and 5 Indian residential areas, with counties (cities) under each province and districts under each county (city).

Judicial power is exercised by the High Court and the General Prosecutor's Office. The High Court has 9 judges with a term of 10 years. The President of the High Court, Mar í a Eugenia L ó pez. The Attorney General of the country, Javier Caraballo.

Political parties implement a multi-party system, with the main parties including:

1. Partido Realizando Metas: The ruling party. The Party was established in March 2021. There are currently 258000 party members. The current chairman is Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal.

2. Democratic Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolutionario Democr á tico): The opposition party. Established by General Torrijos. The party was founded in March 1979. There are currently 691000 party members. Current Chairman Benicio Enacio Robinson and current General Secretary Rub é n De Le ó n.

3. Democratic Change Party (Partido Cambio Democr á tico): opposition party. The party was founded in May 1998. There are currently 281000 party members. Current Chairman R ó mulo Roux.

4. Partido Paname ñ ista: opposition party. The party was founded in October 1931 and has been renamed multiple times. Since 2005, it has been using its current name. He has been in power 9 times in history. There are currently 238000 party members. The current chairman is Jos é Isabel Bland ó n.

[Important Person] Jose Ra ú l Mulino: President. Born on June 13th, 1959. Master of Ocean Law from Durham University. After graduation, I mainly worked as a lawyer and served as an alternate judge in the Civil Law Division of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. From 1990 to 1994, he served as Deputy Foreign Minister and Foreign Minister. From 2009 to 2010, he served as Minister of Government and Justice, and from 2010 to 2014, he served as Minister of Public Security. Formerly served as the Chairman of the Unity Party and the Second Vice Chairman of the Patriotic Alliance Party. In May 2024, as the candidate of the Goal Party, he won the general election and became the president on July 1st.

Canal shipping, financial services, the Cologne Free Trade Zone, and tourism are the main pillars of Panama's economy. Service industry income holds an important position in the national economy.

Main economic data for 2023:

Gross Domestic Product: 78.82 billion US dollars.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 17701.9 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 7.3%.

Inflation rate: 1.6%.

Unemployment rate: 7.4%.

Over the years, there have been huge trade deficits in commodity trade. In 2023, the total import and export volume of Pakistan was 51.262 billion US dollars, with an export value of 17.127 billion US dollars (including 13.76 billion US dollars from the Cologne Free Trade Zone) and an import value of 34.135 billion US dollars (including 19.608 billion US dollars from the Cologne Free Trade Zone), an increase of 15.13%, 12.10%, and 16.70% year-on-year, respectively. The main export products are copper ore, bananas, sugar, fish meal, etc., and the main export targets are China, Japan, South Korea, Spain, India, etc. The main imports include petroleum products, automobiles, mechanical and electrical products, pharmaceuticals, etc. The imports mainly come from the United States, China, Mexico, etc.

We adhere to a neutral and non aligned foreign policy in our foreign relations. The basic goal is to safeguard the sovereignty and independence of the country, and uphold democracy; Maintain the neutral status of the canal; Carry out international cooperation that is conducive to national development and promote relations with the United States, the European Union, Japan, Russia, India, and other countries; Widely attract foreign investment and expand exports through signing free trade agreements. In international affairs, Pakistan advocates dialogue and reconciliation, and advocates resolving conflicts through the United Nations and multilateralism.

Ba is a member of important international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Health Organization, Group of 77, Non Aligned Movement, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Central American Integration System, and Democratic Development Alliance. In 2021, Brazil, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic established the "Democratic Development Alliance". In January 2024, Asenio Domingo (of Panamanian nationality) became the Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization. In June, Pakistan was elected as a non permanent member of the Security Council for the 2025-2026 term.