Romania Passport

[Country Name] Romania (Rom â nia).

[Area] 238000 square kilometers.

Population: 19.05 million (as of January 2023). The Romanian ethnic group accounts for 89.3%, the Hungarian ethnic group accounts for 6%, the Roma ethnic group accounts for 3.4%, the Germanic ethnic group and the Ukrainian ethnic group account for 0.2% respectively, and the other ethnic groups are Russia, Türkiye, Tatar, etc. The proportion of urban population is 56.4%, and the proportion of rural population is 43.6%. The official language is Romanian, and the main minority language is Hungarian. The main religions are Eastern Orthodox (86.5% of the total population), Roman Catholic (4.6%), and Protestant (3.2%).

Bucharest, the capital, covers an area of 228 square kilometers and has a population of 2.16 million as of January 2022. The average temperature is -2.9 ℃ in January and 22.8 ℃ in July.

President Klaus IoHANNIS was elected in November 2014 and inaugurated on December 22. In November 2019, he was re elected for a term of 5 years.

National Day: December 1st.

【 Overview 】 Located in the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine and Moldova to the north and northeast respectively, Bulgaria to the south, Serbia and Hungary to the southwest and northwest respectively, and the Black Sea to the southeast. The coastline is 245 kilometers long, with a temperate continental climate. The average annual precipitation is 637 millimeters. The four seasons are distinct, with an average temperature of about 2 ℃ in January and about 23 ℃ in July.

The ancestors of Romanians were Dacians. Around the 1st century BC, Brebista established the first centralized and independent Dacian slave state. In 106 AD, after the conquest of Dacia by the Roman Empire, the Dacians coexisted and merged with the Romans, forming the Romanian nation. In the 14th century, three duchies were established successively: Wallachia, Moldova, and Transylvania. After the 16th century, it became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. In 1859, the Duchy of Wallachia and the Duchy of Moldova merged to form Romania, which remained under the Ottoman Empire. On May 9, 1877, Romania declared independence. In 1881, it was renamed the Kingdom of Romania. On December 1, 1918, the Principality of Transylvania merged with the Kingdom of Romania. Thus, Romania formed a unified nation-state. During World War II, the Antoniescu regime joined the fascist alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan. On August 23, 1944, Luo Ju launched an anti fascist armed uprising. On March 6, 1945, Luo established a coalition government. On December 30, 1947, the Romanian People's Republic was established. In 1965, the country's name was changed to the Socialist Republic of Romania. On December 22, 1989, the Ceau ș escu regime was overthrown, and the Romanian National Salvation Front Committee took over all state power, changed the country's name to Romania, and designated December 1 as the National Day.

In November 2014, Luo held a presidential election, and then the chairman of the National Liberal Party and the mayor of Sibiu, Johannes, was elected. In November 2019, Ro held another presidential election and Johannes was re elected. In December 2020, Romania held parliamentary elections, with five parties entering the parliament. The National Liberal Party, the Save the Romanian Freedom United Solidarity Union Party, and the Hungarian Democratic Union Party formed a coalition government, with Florin C ÎŢ U, then Vice Chairman of the National Liberal Party, serving as Prime Minister. In September 2021, the government was dissolved. In November, the National Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, and Hungarian Democratic Union Party formed a new government, with Nicolae CIUC, then Vice Chairman of the National Liberal Party and former Defense Minister of the government, serving as Prime Minister. In April 2022, Chuck was elected as the Chairman of the National Liberal Party. In June 2023, according to the rotating prime minister agreement reached between the National Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, Marcel CIOLACU, the chairman of the Social Democratic Party, took over as prime minister, and the new government was formed by the joint efforts of the Social Democratic Party and the National Liberal Party.

On November 21, 1991, the Romanian parliament approved the new constitution, which was passed by a national referendum on December 8. The Romanian Constitution stipulates that Romania is a sovereign, independent, unified, and indivisible nation-state; The political system is a republic. In October 2003, Luo amended the constitution to further establish the principles of political pluralism and separation of powers as checks and balances; Clearly stipulate the protection and safeguarding of private property; Allow ethnic minorities to use their own language in local administrative and judicial procedures; Ensure gender equality; Abolish the compulsory military service system; Add relevant provisions for Romania's accession to the European Union and NATO, stipulating that citizens of Romania and EU citizens have equal rights and obligations under the law.

The Parliament is the highest representative body and sole legislative body of the Romanian people, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Term of office is 4 years. The current parliament was elected by universal suffrage in December 2020 and currently has 465 members, including 135 senators and 330 representatives. The Speaker of the Senate is the Chairman of the National Liberal Party, Chuck, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives is a member of the Social Democratic Party, Daniel SUCIU.

At present, the number of seats held by each party in the parliament is as follows: