Russian Federation Passport

[Country Name] Russian Federation, also known as Russia (Russian Federation, Russia, Russian)

【 Area 】 17.0982 million square kilometers.

[Population] 146 million people, 194 ethnic groups, of which the Russian ethnic group accounts for 77.7%. The main ethnic minorities include Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechens, Armenians, Avars, Moldovans, Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Belarus, and others.

The main religion is Eastern Orthodoxy, followed by Islam.

Official language: Russian.

Russia spans across the Eurasian continent, with a maximum length of 9000 kilometers from east to west and a maximum width of 4000 kilometers from north to south. To the northwest of neighboring countries are Norway and Finland, to the west are Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Belarus, to the southwest are Ukraine, to the south are Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan, and to the southeast are China, Mongolia, and North Korea. To the east, it faces Japan and the United States across the sea. Most regions are located in the northern temperate zone, with a continental climate as the main climate and generally large temperature differences. The average temperature in January is -40 to -5 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 11 to 27 ℃.

Natural resources are abundant, diverse, with large reserves and a high degree of self-sufficiency. The land area ranks first in the world. The forest coverage area accounts for 65.8% of the national land area, ranking first in the world. The timber accumulation ranks first in the world. The proven reserves of natural gas account for 25% of the world's proven reserves, ranking first in the world. The proven reserves of oil account for 9% of the world's proven reserves. The coal reserves rank fifth in the world. The reserves of iron, nickel, and tin rank first in the world. Gold reserves rank third in the world. The uranium reserves rank seventh in the world.

[Important Festival] Gregorian New Year: January 1st; Eastern Orthodox Christmas: January 7th; Defenders of the Motherland Day: February 23rd; International Women's Day: March 8th; Spring and Labor Day (formerly known as Soviet Workers' Unity Day): May 1st; Victory Day of the Great Patriotic War: May 9th; National Day (the day of the adoption of the Declaration of National Sovereignty): June 12th; National Unity Day: November 4th.

【 Capital 】 Moscow (Москва). The area is approximately 2560 square kilometers. The permanent population is approximately 13.1 million (as of October 2024).

From the late 15th century to the early 16th century, a multi-ethnic feudal state gradually formed centered around the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1547, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) changed the title of Grand Duke to Tsar. In 1721, Peter I (Peter the Great) changed the country's name to the Russian Empire. Abolish serfdom in 1861. In February 1917, the bourgeois revolution overthrew the autocratic system. On November 7, 1917 (October 25 in the Russian calendar), the October Socialist Revolution established the world's first socialist state government - the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. On December 30, 1922, the Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine, and Belarus established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later expanded to 15 member republics). On June 12, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic issued the Declaration of State Sovereignty, declaring that the Russian Federation had "absolute sovereignty" within its territory. In August 1991, the Soviet Union experienced the "8.19" incident. On September 6th, the Soviet State Council passed a resolution recognizing the independence of the three constituent republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. On December 8th, the leaders of the three constituent republics of the Russian Federation, Belarus, and Ukraine signed the "Agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States" in Belovej, announcing the formation of the "Commonwealth of Independent States". On December 21st, the 11 member republics of the Soviet Union, except for the Baltic States and Georgia, signed the Almaty Declaration and the Protocol to the Agreement of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 26th, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union held its final meeting and announced the cessation of the Soviet Union's existence. Thus, the Soviet Union disintegrated and the Russian Federation became a completely independent country, becoming the only successor state of the Soviet Union. On December 12, 1993, the first constitution of Russia after independence was passed through a nationwide vote, which designated the country as the "Russian Federation".

[Head of State] Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, President of the Russian Federation.

The government of the Russian Federation is the highest executive authority of the state. The current Prime Minister of the government is Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin.

The Russian Federation Assembly (Parliament) is composed of the Federation Council (Upper House) and the State Duma (Lower House). The main function of the Federal Council is to approve federal laws, changes in the boundaries of federal subjects, etc. The current Chairperson of the Federal Council is Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko (female). The main functions of the State Duma are to pass federal laws, announce amnesties, etc. The current Chairman of the State Duma is Vyacheslav Victorovich Volodin.

In 2023, Russia's gross domestic product will grow by 3.6% year-on-year. In the first eight months of 2024, Russia's gross domestic product increased by 4.2% year-on-year. As of September 27, 2024, Russia's international reserves amounted to $633.6 billion.