San Marino Passport

[Country Name] Republic of San Marino (La Republica di San Marino).

[Area] 61.2 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 33628 people (as of December 2023), of which 83% hold San Marino citizenship. The official language is Italian. Most residents believe in Catholicism.

【 Capital 】 San Marino, with a population of 4101 people (as of June 2023).

The head of state is jointly held by two equally powerful consuls, with a term of six months and cannot be re elected. They can be re elected after three years. The consul is elected by the Grand Council and is re elected in March and September each year. He takes office on April 1st and October 1st. The consul is both the head of state and the head of parliament. The current consuls (October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025) are Francesca Civerchia and Dalibor Riccardi.

National Day: September 3rd.

【 Overview 】 Located in Italy, 'Guozhong China' is mainly characterized by mountainous and hilly landforms, with the highest peak being Mount Titano at an altitude of 755.24 meters. It belongs to the subtropical Mediterranean climate. The annual average temperature is 16 ℃, with a minimum temperature of -2 ℃ in winter and a maximum temperature of 30 ℃ in summer. The average annual precipitation is 880 millimeters.

According to legend, in the year 301 AD, a Christian named Marino hid on the top of Mount Titano to escape persecution by the Roman Emperor. The place name of San Marino comes from this. At first, the Saint implemented tribal management, and in 1243, a system of two consuls jointly ruling was established, making it the oldest republic in the world today. Throughout the two world wars, Saint remained neutral. After the war, Saint Paul's economy developed steadily and he joined some important international organizations such as the United Nations.

Since 1906, San Marino has ended the system of tribal councils and implemented a multi-party democracy. In June 2024, San Marino held parliamentary elections, and the ruling coalition consisting of the Christian Democratic Party, the Reformist Alliance Party, the Socialist Party, etc. won 44 out of 60 seats and officially formed a new government on July 22, 2024.

San Marino does not have a true constitution. The law "Declaration on the Rights of Citizens and Principles of the Basic System of San Marino" passed on July 8, 1974, exercises the duties of the constitution. This law originates from ancient customary law, the "San Marino Ordinance" passed in 1600, and was revised on February 26, 2002.

The unicameral system, known as the Great Council, has the power to legislate, elect governors, approve treaties, pass budgets, and appoint senior officials. The parliament is presided over by two consuls, and members are elected by nationwide proportional universal suffrage for a term of 5 years. This is the 31st parliament with a total of 60 members. Laws discussed and passed by the parliament must be announced by the consul and published in a bulletin by the Ministry of the Interior before they can take effect.

Government members are appointed by the Grand Council. There is no prime minister, and the foreign minister exercises the duties of the prime minister. The current government is the 31st government of San Marino, established in July 2024 with a term of 5 years. The Holy Party has completed the new parliamentary elections in July 2024. Main members of the government: Luca Beccari, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Political Affairs, International Economic Cooperation, and Digital Transformation; Andrea Belluzzi, Minister of Interior, Public Functions, Institutional Affairs, Regional Relations, and Simplification of Regulations; Marco Gatti, Minister of Finance, Budget, Transport, and Energy; Teodoro Lonfernini, Minister of Education, Culture, Universities, Research, and Youth Policy; Mariella Mularoni, Minister of Health, Social Security, Social Affairs, and Equal Opportunities.

The country is divided into 9 administrative regions, namely: Akuawiwa, Borgo Machole, Chiesa nova, Domaniano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montejadino, Serravalle, and San Marino.

The main political parties include: Christian Democratic Party (Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese), Liberal Party (Libera/PS), Social Democratic Party (Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratii), Reformist Alliance (Alleanza Riformista), etc.

In the 1960s, the economy gradually transformed from an agricultural country to a country with developed industries and service industries. Small and medium-sized enterprises were the backbone of the economy, mainly in clothing, machinery manufacturing, electronic equipment, chemical industry, construction, and brewing. The tertiary industry is developing rapidly, accounting for 40% of the employed population. The tourism industry and stamp issuance are also important sources of national income for the Holy See. Natural resources are scarce, and all energy is imported from Italy. In recent years, the economic situation has been relatively stable, and the unemployment rate has decreased. The gross domestic product in 2023 is 1.7 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 2.3%.

The main industrial sectors include textiles, electronics, clothing, cement, leather making, papermaking, furniture, ceramics, and brewing. The aluminum products factory is one of the largest aluminum products factories in Europe.

Traditional agricultural and animal husbandry activities include grain cultivation and sheep farming. Nowadays, agriculture and animal husbandry are increasingly declining, mainly focusing on the cultivation of grains, grapes, fruit trees, and the breeding of pigs, cows, and horses. The arable land area is 6000 hectares. The main agricultural products include grapes, olives, wheat, corn, as well as cheese and meat products.

The tourism industry is well-developed, with income accounting for over 50% of the gross domestic product.

Exquisite philatelic albums, first day covers, and San Marino coins are one of the important sources of tourism revenue, renowned worldwide for their innovative and advanced postal services, stamps, and ancient coins. In 1894, commemorative stamps and stamped envelopes were first issued in Italy, making it a major industry in the country. All 10 post offices across the country sell commemorative stamps and collectible coins, and have been using named postmarks domestically since 1979.

[Transportation] There are no railways, airports, or ports, and the total length of highways is 220 kilometers, with no expressways.

Due to resource scarcity, petroleum products, industrial raw materials, electricity, grain, and non-staple food mainly rely on imports from Italy. The main trading partners are Italy, other EU member states, the United States, and China.

[Military] Adhering to a neutral policy, there is no regular army and no compulsory military service system. However, in the event of foreign aggression, all citizens aged 16 to 65 will be conscripted to defend the country. The defense budget is mainly used for non military projects such as domestic security, public order, and law enforcement.

Grand Council Guard: Established in 1740, it was originally used to defend the Grand Council and the consuls, and currently serves as a ceremonial guard for the consuls.

Castle Guard: mainly responsible for providing routine services to government agencies and border patrols, safeguarding the security of the parliamentary seat and the consul, forming a ceremonial artillery unit during major ceremonies, and cooperating with the military police when necessary.

Militia: Established in 1600, citizens aged 16 to 55 can participate. Responsible for attending official ceremonies or events, and assisting the military police and police during special moments.

Military Police: Established in 1842. Responsible for preventing and combating crime, maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property safety, supervising the implementation of laws and regulations, etc. Composed of specially trained personnel.

Municipal Police: Established in 1963. It does not belong to the military establishment, but can cooperate with the military police to manage transportation and maintain civil, industrial, commercial, tourism, financial, and tax order.

Implement a 10-year compulsory education system for primary and secondary schools in cultural education. There are 7 daycare centers, 14 kindergartens, 14 primary schools, 2 junior high schools, 5 high schools, as well as some professional training classes and night schools throughout the country. Domestic cultural institutions include 5 public libraries, 5 national museums, and 5 private museums.

Three newspapers and magazines, two radio stations, and the establishment of San Marino Radio and Television in 1993.

The purpose of foreign policy is to safeguard national sovereignty and independence, and to develop relations with all friendly countries. Adhere to a proactive and neutral foreign policy, advocating mutual respect for independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity; Oppose armed intervention and aggression, and maintain world peace; Supporting disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation treaties, advocating for the complete destruction of nuclear weapons; Emphasizing the strengthening of North South dialogue and supporting cooperation among countries; Value the protection of human rights, support and comply with relevant international treaties; Advocating equality for all countries, big and small, committed to promoting cooperation and stability, and striving to build a peaceful and just world; Believe that the world is undergoing profound changes, and the global situation is shifting from tense confrontation to security and cooperation; Advocate for enhancing mutual trust and cooperation among countries, and resolving regional conflicts through peaceful means. Participated in the creation of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, believing that the organization is the most effective mechanism for ensuring future peace, security, and cooperation in Europe. Actively participate in international activities and develop relationships with international organizations. It officially joined the United Nations on March 2, 1992. Joined the International Monetary Fund in September of the same year. Currently, it is an official member of 24 international organizations, including the International Court of Justice, the World Health Organization, the World Tourism Organization, and the International Red Cross. It is a member state of the Council of Europe. Since entering the 21st century, we have accelerated the process of establishing diplomatic relations with countries around the world, and have now established diplomatic relations with 151 countries.