Senegal Passport

The Republic of Senegal (La R é publique du S é n é gal).

[Area] 196722 square kilometers.

Population: 17.76 million. There are more than 20 ethnic groups in China, mainly including the Wolov (43% of the national population), the Pall (24%) and the Sherer (15%). The official language is French, and 80% of the population in the country speaks Wolof. 95.4% of residents believe in Islam, 4.2% believe in Catholicism, and the rest believe in fetishism.

Dakar, the capital, has a population of approximately 4.04 million. The temperature is highest from September to October, with an average of 24-32 ℃, and lowest in January, with an average of 18-26 ℃.

President Bassirou Diomaye Faye was elected in March 2024 and inaugurated on April 2, 2024, with a term of 5 years.

[Important holiday] National Day: April 4th.

【 Overview 】 Located at the westernmost tip of the protruding region in West Africa. It borders Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea Bissau to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and Cape Verde across the sea. The coastline is about 500 kilometers long. It belongs to the tropical grassland climate, with an average annual temperature of 29 ℃ and a maximum temperature of 45 ℃. The dry season is from November to June of the following year, and the rainy season is from July to October.

In the 10th century AD, the Tuilers established the Kingdom of Tekru, which was later incorporated into the Mali Empire and the Sanghai Empire in the 14th and 16th centuries. In 1864, it became a French colony. In 1909, it was incorporated into French West Africa. In November 1958, it became an "autonomous republic" within the French Community. In April 1959, it formed the Mali Federation with Sudan (now the Republic of Mali). On April 4, 1960, the "Transfer of Power" agreement was signed with France. On June 20th, the Mali Federation declared independence. On August 20th, Serbia withdrew from the federation and established an independent republic, with Leopold Seda Sangor as its first president. After independence, the Socialist Party led by President Senghor held one party rule for a long time. A multi-party system has been implemented since 1974. On December 31, 1980, President Sangor voluntarily retired and Prime Minister Abdou Diouf took over. Afterwards, Diouf was re elected three times in 1983, 1988, and 1993. In March 2000, Democratic candidate Wade defeated Diouf and was elected president. In February 2007, Wade won the election again and was re elected as president. In March 2012, candidate Sall of the "Alliance for the Republic" defeated Wade and was elected president. He was re elected in February 2019. In 2024, Basilu Diomaye Faye was elected as the President.

The overall political situation in Senegal is stable. Implement a presidential system. The President is the head of state and can be re elected once. The Prime Minister is the head of government appointed by the President. In March 2024, a presidential election will be held in Serbia. Opposition candidate Faye won the first round of voting with 54.28% of the vote and was elected as the fifth president in Serbia's history.

The current Constitution was passed by a national referendum in January 2001 and has been amended multiple times since then. The Constitution stipulates that the President is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces, elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of 5 years (the 2001 Constitution stipulated a term of 7 years, and the constitutional amendment passed in March 2016 stipulated a term of 5 years from the next President), and can only be re elected once. The presidential vacancy will be represented by the Speaker of the National Assembly, and a general election will be held within 2 to 3 months. In May 2019, the parliament passed a constitutional amendment submitted by the government to abolish the position of Prime Minister. The position of Prime Minister will be reinstated in September 2022.

The parliament adopts a unicameral system. The National Assembly is elected by universal suffrage and serves a term of 5 years. The current National Assembly was established in August 2022, with a total of 165 seats. The current Speaker is Amadou Mame DIOP.

The current government was established in April 2024, and its members include: Prime Minister Ousmane Souko, Minister of African Integration and Foreign Affairs Yacine Fall, Minister of Armed Forces Birame Diop, Minister of Justice Ousmane Diagne, Minister of Interior and Public Security Jean Baptiste Tine, Minister of Energy, Oil and Mines Birame Souleye Diop, Minister of Economic Planning and Cooperation Abdurrahmane Sarr, Minister of Finance and Budget. Cheikh Diba, Minister of Infrastructure and Land and Air Transport Malick Ndiaye Ndiaye, Minister of Environment and Ecological Transition Daouda Ngom, Minister of Vocational Training and Government Spokesperson Amadou Moustaha Njekk Sarr é, Minister of Water Resources and Sanitation Cheikh Tidiane Dieye, Minister of Propaganda, Telecommunications and Digital Alioune Sall, Minister of Higher Education and Innovation Research Elhadj Abdurrahmane Diouf, Minister of Industry and Trade Serigne Gu è ye Diop, Fisheries and Marine Port Infrastructure Minister Fatou Diouf (female), Minister of Family and Solidarity Maimuna Diye (Ma) ï mouna DIEYE (female), Minister of Labor, Employment and Institutional Relations Yankhoba DIEME, Minister of Urbanization, Local Development Governance and Land Consolidation Balla Moussa FOFANA, Minister of National Education Moustaha GUIRASSY, Minister of Health and Social Action Ibrahima SY, Minister of Public Service and Public Works Reform Olivier BOUCAL, Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture Khady Di è ne GAYE (female), Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Livestock Mabuba Dia Mabouba DIAGNE, Minister of Small and Micro Finance and Mutual Aid Social Economy Alioune DIONE, Minister of Tourism and Handicrafts Mountaga DIAO, Secretary of State for Senegalese Overseas, Amadou Ch é rif DIOUF, Secretary of State for Small and Medium sized Enterprise Development Ibrahima THIAM, Secretary of State for Urbanization and Housing Momath Talla NDAO, Secretary of State for Cooperatives and Farmer Training Alpha BA, and Secretary of State for Culture, Creative Industries and Historical Heritage Bacary SARR.

Currently, there are 14 major regions, 172 counties and cities, and 385 townships in China.

The Constitution stipulates that judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Council, the Supreme Court, the Audit Court, local courts and tribunals at all levels. In 1992, Serbia carried out judicial system reform and established the Constitutional Committee and Administrative Court. The 2001 Constitution continued this system. In April 2008, the National Assembly of Serbia passed a bill on the establishment of the Supreme Court, which decided to merge the Administrative Court and the Court of Appeal into the Supreme Court, and made amendments to relevant provisions of the constitution in August. In November, the Supreme Court was established. The current Chairman of the Constitutional Council, Pape Oumar Sakho, the President of the Supreme Court, Mamadou Badio CAMARA, and the Attorney General, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Coulibaly.

There are currently over 250 legal political parties in Serbia, mainly including:

(1) The Patriotes Africans du S é n é gal pour le toile, l 'é thique et la Fraternit é, also known as the Patriotic Party, is the ruling party in Senegal. Founded by Osman Sonko in 2015 and serving as the party chairman, advocating economic patriotism. In the 2019 presidential election, Songko ranked third in the first round of votes. In 2024, the Secretary General of the Patriotic Party, Faye, won the presidential election.

(2) Alliance Pour la R é publique: opposition party. Founded by Marki Sall in December 2008, the main members are supporters of Sall within the former Democratic Party. The program is to firmly uphold republican values, carry democracy to the end, and make the concerns of the people the center of action. The motto is labor unity dignity. Sall serves as the party chairman. Served from 2012 to 2024.

(3) Alliance des Forces de Progr è s: opposition party. Formed by some former members of the Socialist Party in August 1999, advocating for the establishment of democratic politics and maintaining social stability through political means. In the second round of the 2012 presidential election, he formed an alliance with Saleh.

(4) Senegalese Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste du S é n é gal): opposition party. There are 1.2 million party members. Formerly known as the Senegalese Democratic Group, it merged with the Senegalese Socialist Action Party in 1958 to form the Senegalese Progressive Union. After independence, it held power for a long time and was renamed to its current name in December 1976. The program is to implement 'democratic socialism', which means establishing an open, democratic, and humanitarian society while preserving African characteristics. The General Secretary is Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye.

(5) Senegal Democratic Party (Parti D é mocratique S é n é galais): opposition party. Founded by Wade on July 31, 1974. Guided by the principles of justice, dignity, and universal love, our aim is to establish a democratic, socialist, and comprehensively developed society through democratic means. In March 2000, the party's candidate Wade won the presidential election and was re elected in February 2007. In the 2012 presidential election, Wade lost and the Democratic Party became the main opposition party.

In addition, there are also the African Party for Democracy and Socialism, the National Party, the Democratic Renewal Union, the Independent Labour Party, the Democratic Union (formerly known as the Democratic Union Labor Party Movement, renamed in December 2008), the Civic Party for Renewal, the Senegalese Republican Movement, the African Popular Independence Party, the Senegalese Democratic Union (Renewal), the Senegalese Republican Party, the Senegalese African Ecologist Party, the Democratic and Federal Alliance, and the "New Responsibility" Party.

[Important Person] President Basilu Diomaye Faye: Born in 1980, he studied at the University of Dakar and the National School of Administration in Senegal. After graduation, I joined the State Administration of Taxation and served as the Secretary General of the Trade Union. In 2015, he co founded the Patriotic Party with Songke and became the Secretary General of the Patriotic Party in 2022. Elected as President in March 2024.

The economy is the least developed country, but the economic categories are relatively complete, and the development of the three major industries is relatively balanced. Food cannot be self-sufficient, and it is the main peanut and cotton producing country in West Africa. Fisheries, peanuts, phosphate exports, and tourism are the four traditional foreign exchange generating industries in Serbia. In recent years, the Serbian economy has maintained stable growth. The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 31 billion US dollars.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 1746 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 3.7%

Currency name: African Financial Community Franc, abbreviated as FCFA

Annual average exchange rate: 1 euro ≈ 656 African francs.

(Source: World Bank)

Mineral resources are scarce, mainly including phosphates, iron, gold, copper, diamonds, titanium, etc. The reserves of calcium phosphate are about 100 million tons, and the reserves of aluminum phosphate are between 50 and 70 million tons. Zircon reserves are approximately 800 million tons. Due to the implementation of incentive policies such as tax reduction and exemption for enterprises in the exploration stage under the Mining Law introduced in 2003, mining has achieved rapid development in recent years. From 2009 to 2012, the investment in the mining industry increased by 700 billion CFA francs, and a total of 75 mining contracts were signed, involving gold, phosphate, uranium, greenstone, zircon, and other minerals. The inland natural gas reserves are about 10 billion cubic meters, and the coastal oil reserves are estimated to exceed 1 billion barrels, with plans to achieve commercial development by 2024. The forest area is about 6.205 million hectares, accounting for 32% of the national land area. Abundant hydraulic resources. The proven oil reserves in the offshore area are 470 million barrels, and the natural gas reserves are 1.4 trillion cubic meters. Commercial exploitation was achieved in June 2024.

The industrial output value accounts for about 25% of the gross domestic product. There are over 500 enterprises nationwide, with 85% of factories concentrated in Dakar. The food processing industry is the most important industrial sector, accounting for about 40% of the annual industrial added value. The chemical industry accounts for 12% of the annual industrial added value, mainly producing phosphates and fertilizers. The phosphate production in 2010 was 1.055 million tons. In recent years, the automotive assembly industry has developed rapidly. In 2003, a joint venture was established with India's Tata International to produce cars, and in 2008, a sedan assembly factory was established with Iran's KHODRO company. In addition, the construction industry has experienced rapid development in recent years due to the government's vigorous efforts in infrastructure construction.

The agricultural output value accounts for about 18% of the gross domestic product. The agricultural population accounts for over 60% of the total population in the country. There are 8.157 million hectares of arable land and 2.46 million hectares of arable land. The main cash crops are peanuts and cotton. In 2011, the peanut planting area was about 866000 hectares and the cotton planting area was 27000 hectares. In addition to meeting domestic needs, the vast majority of peanuts are exported and are one of the important pillars of the national economy. The main crops are millet, sorghum, and corn, which cannot be self-sufficient and can only meet 40% of the demand. In recent years, with the government increasing investment in agricultural water conservancy facilities, the arable land area has expanded, and the yield of crops such as rice has increased. In 2020, the rice production was 1.35 million tons and the peanut production was 1.8 million tons.

Fishing is one of the main pillars of Serbia's economy and the largest foreign exchange generating industry in Serbia. The output value in 2016 was approximately 216.77 billion CFA francs. There are about 600000 employees in the national fishery industry, accounting for about 15% of the employed population, making it the second largest employment industry.

The tourism industry is one of the four pillars of the Serbian economy and has been prioritized by the Serbian government in its strategy to promote rapid economic growth. In order to promote further development of the tourism industry, the Serbian government has reduced the value-added tax on tourism from 18% to 10% since March 2007. The total tourism revenue in 2017 was 978.1 billion West African francs, accounting for 10.4% of GDP. Tourists mainly come from developed countries in Europe and America, with France, Italy, and Spain accounting for over 50% of the total number of tourists. Tourist destinations are mainly concentrated in the areas of Dakar, Jess, Zijinsha'er, and Saint Louis. December to February of the following year is the peak season for tourism.

Domestic transportation mainly relies on highways and railways, with a land transportation network centered around the Dakar region connecting various parts of the country. Dakar is a maritime transportation hub connecting Africa to Europe and the Americas, as well as an important international aviation hub.

Highway: It has the best road network in West Africa. In 2012, the total length of highways in China was 17669 kilometers, including 6317 kilometers of asphalt roads. There are a total of 402000 motor vehicles of various types in the country, of which 72.8% are concentrated in the capital city of Dakar.

Railway: The total length of the national railway network backbone is 906 kilometers, and the total length of the secondary railway is 151.8 kilometers. The railway connecting Dakar and the capital of Mali, Bamako, is one of the most important railway lines, with a total length of 1287 kilometers (including 646 kilometers within Senegal). In 2003, Canadian company Canac Getma obtained the 25 year operating rights for this route.

Water transportation: The Senegal River has a navigable distance of 220 kilometers throughout the year, and can be navigable for 924 kilometers during the flood season. Dakar Port is one of the important ports in West Africa, with frequent freight exchanges within its borders and between Africa and Europe. In 2018, its throughput was 19.22 million tons. The Port Authority is collaborating with Dubai Port World Corporation to implement a modernization expansion plan to enhance its competitiveness. In 2018, the total revenue of Dakar Port was 56.4 billion CFA (approximately 86 million euros), a year-on-year increase of 15%. Other ports include Saint Louis Port and Jijinsha'er Port.

Air freight: Dakar Leopold S é da Sangor Airport is an international airport with a passenger volume of 1.732 million and a cargo volume of 25000 tons in 2012. International flights such as Air France and Portuguese Airlines take off and land at Sangor International Airport. In December 2017, Blaise Diagne International Airport was completed and replaced Sangor International Airport for use. The airport is located 50 kilometers away from Dakar and its carrying capacity will be twice that of Sangor International Airport. Since 1998, Saint Louis Airport has had charter flights to France. There are also 12 secondary airports, among which the more important is Jijin Shaoer Airport. Senegal Airlines once formed Senegal International Airlines through equity cooperation with Royal Moroccan Airlines. In 2003, China Airlines was named the best airline in Africa. In recent years, due to the huge debt burden, the operation of Serbia Airlines has been difficult. The Serbia government terminated cooperation with Mozambique Airlines and established a new state-owned airline, which began operation in the second half of 2010.

The main sources of fiscal revenue are various taxes and foreign aid. In recent years, the proportion of fiscal revenue and expenditure to GDP is as follows: