Slovakia Passport

[Country Name] The Slovak Republic (Slovensk á Republica).

【 Area 】 49000 square kilometers.

Population: 5.43 million people. The main ethnic groups are Slovaks, accounting for about 84%, Hungarians, accounting for about 8%, Roma (Gypsies), accounting for 2%, and the rest are Czechs, Lusenians, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Russians, etc. The official language is Slovak. Most residents (about 62%) believe in Roman Catholicism. The population density is 111 people per square kilometer.

Bratislava, the capital, covers an area of 368 square kilometers and has a population of 477000.

Peter Pellegrini, the head of state, assumed office on June 15, 2024, with a term of 5 years.

September 1st is Constitution Day, also known as National Day.

A landlocked country in central Europe. It borders Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Czech Republic and Austria to the west, and Poland to the north. It belongs to the temperate climate that transitions from oceanic to continental climate. The annual average temperature is 11.8 ℃, and the average annual precipitation is 400 millimeters.

In the 5th and 6th centuries, Madame Sisla settled here. After 830 AD, it became a part of the Great Moravian Empire. After the fall of the empire in 906, it fell under the rule of the Hungarians and later became part of the Austro Hungarian Empire. In 1918, the Austro Hungarian Empire disintegrated and the independent Czechoslovak Republic was established on October 28th. In March 1939, it was occupied by Nazi Germany and later established as a puppet state of Slovakia. On May 9, 1945, Czechoslovakia was liberated with the help of the Soviet army and restored its common state. In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to power. In 1960, the country was renamed as the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. In November 1989, the Czechoslovak regime changed and adopted a multi-party parliamentary democracy and a pluralistic political system. In March 1990, the country was renamed as the Czechoslovak Federal Republic, and in April of the same year, it was renamed again as the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. On December 31, 1992, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic dissolved. Since January 1, 1993, the Slovak Republic has become an independent sovereign state.

Implement parliamentary democracy in politics. The Prime Minister holds real power, while the President is a figurehead. The National Assembly is the highest authority of the country, and its members are elected through direct elections. On September 30, 2023, Slovakia held its ninth National Assembly election after independence, and the Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party (Direction Party) won with 22.94% of the vote, becoming the largest party in the parliament. On October 25, 2023, a new government was officially established by the Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party, Social Democratic Voice Party, and Slovak National Party, with Direction Party Chairman Robert Fico serving as Prime Minister. On April 6, 2024, Peter Pellegrini, Chairman and Speaker of the Slovak Democratic Party, was elected as the sixth President of Slovakia after independence and took office on June 15, 2024.

On September 1, 1992, the Slovak National Council of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic adopted the Constitution of the Slovak Republic.

The parliament adopts a unicameral system, with a term of 4 years and a total of 150 seats. The current Slovak parliament will be elected on September 30, 2023, with a total of seven parties, including the Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party, the Progressive Slovakia Party, the Social Democratic Voice Party, the Slovak Movement Party, the Christian Democratic Movement Party, the Freedom and Unity Party, and the Slovak National Party. On October 25, 2023, the new parliament held its founding ceremony. Peter Pellegrini (Chairman of the Voice of the People Party) was elected as the Speaker, while Rubo š Blaha (Vice Chairman of the Direction Party), Peter Ž iga (Member of the Voice of the People Party Presidium), Andrej Danko (Chairman of the National Party), and Michal Š ime č ka (Chairman of the Progressive Slovak Movement) were elected as Vice Speakers. The parliament has established several committees, including the Committee on Privileges and Immunities, the Committee on Constitutional Law, the Committee on European Affairs, the Committee on Finance and Budget, the Committee on Economic Affairs, the Committee on Agriculture and Environment, the Committee on Public Administration and Local Development, the Committee on Social Affairs, the Committee on Health and Health, the Committee on Defense and Security, the Committee on Culture and Media, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Education, Science, Youth, and Sports. On April 6, 2024, Peter Pellegrini was elected as the President of Sri Lanka and immediately ceased to perform the duties of the Speaker in accordance with the law. Vice Speaker Peter Riga became the Acting Speaker. On June 9th, Deputy Speaker Rubosh Braha was elected as a member of the European Parliament and resigned from his position on June 25th. On June 27th, Tibor Ga š par, Chairman of the Parliamentary Defense and Security Committee and a member of the Direction Party, was elected as the new Deputy Speaker. On September 17th, Mikhail Shimechka was dismissed from his position as Vice Speaker.

The seats of each party are as follows: Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party 42 seats, Progressive Slovakia Party 32 seats, Social Democratic Voice Party 27 seats, Slovak Movement Party 14 seats, Christian Democratic Movement 12 seats, Freedom and Unity Party 11 seats, Slovak National Party 10 seats, and non partisan 2 seats.

The current government of Slovakia was established on October 25, 2023, consisting of the Prime Minister, one Deputy Prime Minister, three Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers, and 13 Ministers. The main members are: Prime Minister Robert Fico, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Robert Kali ň á k, Deputy Prime Minister (in charge of EU funds and recovery plans) Peter Kmec, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy Denis Sakov á, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment Tom áš Taraba, Minister of Finance Ladislav Kamenick ý, Minister of Justice Boris Susko, Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Union Affairs Juraj Blan á. Richard Tak áč, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, and Jozef, Minister of Transport R áž, Minister of Internal Affairs Mat ú š Š utaj E š tok, Minister of Labor, Social Affairs and Family Erik Tom áš, Minister of Health Kamil Š a š ko, Minister of Education and Research Tom áš Drucker, Minister of Investment, Local Development and Information Technology Richard Ra š i, Minister of Culture Martina Š imkovi č ov á, Minister of Tourism and Sports Du š an Keketi.

[Main URL] Presidential Office: www.prezident.sk； Government: www.vlada.gov.sk； Ministry of Foreign Affairs: www.mzv.sk。

The country is divided into 8 states, with 141 cities and 2757 villages and towns.

The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, and Supreme Administrative Court are the highest judicial organs of the country, while the General Prosecutor's Office is the highest prosecutorial organ of the country. Ivan Fia č an, the President of the Constitutional Court, took office in 2019 for a term of 12 years. The President of the Supreme Court, J á n Š ikuta, took office in 2020 for a term of 5 years. The President of the Supreme Administrative Court, Pavol Da, took office in 2021 for a term of 5 years. Prosecutor General Maro š Ž ilinka took office in 2020 for a term of 7 years. There are also local courts and procuratorates in the area.

There are about 167 registered political parties, mainly including:

The Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party (SMER-SSD, abbreviated as Direction Party) was founded in 1999 by Fizo and others who left the Slovak Democratic Left Party. In 2005, it merged with the Democratic Left Party, Democratic Choice Party, and Social Democratic Party and was renamed as the Social Democratic Direction Party. In 2021, it was renamed as the Slovak Social Democratic Direction Party. The primary goal of the party is to establish an orderly, just, and stable society, and its policies have a clear social democratic nature. Party Chairman Robert Fico.

Progressive Slovak Party (Progresivne Slovensko): Established in 2017. Self positioning as a "new left-wing" political party, distinguishing it from "old left-wing" political parties such as the Direction Party. Advocate pragmatic rationality, advocate freedom and democracy, promote the protection of individual dignity, equality, justice, sustainable development, and strengthen cooperation between Europe and the international community. The basic political goal is to reduce regional disparities, improve healthcare and education levels. Party Chairman Michal Š ime č ka.

Social Democracy - Voice of the People Party (Hlas SD, abbreviated as Voice of the People Party): Established in 2020. Founded by former Vice Chairman of the Direction Party and current President Peter Pellegrini, some founding members are former members of the Direction Party. Opposing the liberal approach to social issues is often described by Western politicians as a "all encompassing" political party. Party Chairman Mat ú š Š utaj E š tok.

The Slovak Movement Party (Hnutie Slovensko, abbreviated as Slovak Party). Established in 2011, formerly known as the Ordinary Citizens' Organization. Advocate for petitioning for the people and opposing corruption. In the 2020 parliamentary elections, the party won with 25.02% support and led the formation of a government. From April 2020 to the end of 2022, it was the main ruling party in Sri Lanka. Party Chairman Igor Matovi č.

The Christian Democratic Movement Party (Kres ť anskodemokratick é hnuti é - KDH, abbreviated as the Christian Democratic Movement) was founded in 1990. Adhere to Christian democratic values, advocate for the protection of individual dignity, concern for the future of children, and promote concepts such as unity, justice, and freedom. Party Chairman Milan Majersk ý.

Sloboda a Solidarita, also known as the Freedom and Solidarity Party, was founded in 2009. Advocating respect for individual freedom and social solidarity, advocating for a free market economy and private ownership, opposing state intervention, opposing EU economic integration and EU budget increases, and particularly wary of EU restrictions on free markets. Party Chairman Branislav Gr ö hling.

Slovak National Party (Slovensk á n á rodn á strana): Established in 1990. Adhering to nationalist policies, in 2016, a coalition government was formed with the Direction Party, Bridge Party, and Network Party. Party Chairman Andrej Danko.

Peter Pellegrini: President. Born in October 1975. Graduated from the Economics Department of Majebel University in Slovakia and the Economics Department of Ko š ice University of Technology. Formerly served as Deputy Prime Minister, Speaker, and Prime Minister of Slovakia, and was re elected as Speaker of the Slovak National Assembly in October 2023. Elected as the President of Sri Lanka in April 2024 and inaugurated in June.

Peter Ž iga: Acting Speaker. Born in July 1972. Graduated from Bratislava University of Economics. Formerly served as Minister of Environment and Minister of Economy in Sri Lanka. Elected as the Vice Speaker of Sri Lanka in October 2023. Appointed as Acting Speaker from April 2024.

Robert Fico: Prime Minister. Born in September 1964. Graduated from the Law School of Komensky University in Slovakia, he served as the Prime Minister of Slovakia three times from 2006 to 2010, 2012 to 2016, and 2016 to 2018. He was appointed as the Prime Minister for the fourth time in October 2023. The Direction Party was founded in 1999 and has been serving as its chairman ever since.

In the early years, it was an agricultural area with almost no industry. During the reign of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, steel, petrochemical, machinery, food processing, and military industries were gradually established in Czechoslovakia, narrowing the economic gap with Czechoslovakia. After the dramatic changes in 1989, S began economic reforms based on the "shock therapy" proposed by the federal government, leading to the Great Depression. After gaining independence in January 1993, Sri Lanka implemented a market economy, strengthened macroeconomic regulation, and adjusted its industrial structure. In recent years, the Sri Lankan government has continuously strengthened the construction of the legal system, improved the business environment, vigorously attracted foreign investment, and gradually formed an outward oriented market economy with the automotive and electronics industries as the pillars and export-oriented. In 2009, the economy declined due to the impact of the international financial crisis. In 2010 and 2011, it achieved recovery growth, but in 2012, the growth rate slowed down slightly. In 2013, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 72.13 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 0.9%. In 2014, the GDP was 74.655 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 2.6%. In 2015, the GDP was 78.1 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 3.6%. The GDP in 2016 was 80.96 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 3.3%. The GDP in 2017 was 81.2 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 3.2%. The GDP in 2018 was 90.2 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 4.1%. The GDP in 2019 was 94.4 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 2.5%. Affected by the COVID-19, the GDP in 2020 was 93.4 billion euros, down 3.3% year on year. The GDP in 2021 was 100.3 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 4.9%. The GDP for 2022 is 109.7 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 1.7%.

The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product (current price): 110.9 billion euros.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product (current price): 20000 euros.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 1.6%.

Currency name: Euro.

Inflation rate: 10.5%.

Unemployment rate: 5%.

【 Resources 】 There are lignite, hard coal, and magnesite. Oil and natural gas rely on imports.

The total industrial production value in 2021 was 21.1 billion euros, accounting for 21.0% of the gross domestic product. The main industrial sectors include steel, food, tobacco processing, petrochemicals, machinery, automobiles, etc.

The total agricultural production value in 2022 is 2.84 billion euros, accounting for 2.6% of the gross domestic product. The main crops include barley, wheat, corn, oilseed crops, potatoes, sugar beets, etc.

Transportation is mainly based on road and railway transportation, with some development in air transportation in recent years. Transportation situation in 2022:

Highway: The total length is 18156 kilometers, including 545 kilometers of expressways. The total passenger volume is 167 million, and the total freight volume is 161 million tons. As of the end of 2022, there were a total of 3.528 million cars in Sri Lanka, including 2.555 million private cars.

Railway: The total length is 3626.5 kilometers, including 1585 kilometers of electrified railway. The total passenger volume is 68.138 million, and the total freight volume is 49.432 million tons.

Water transportation: The inland waterway is 172 kilometers long, with a total passenger volume of 79000 and a total freight volume of 5.17 million tons.

Air freight: The total passenger volume is 502000.

(Information)

Fiscal and financial situation in recent years (in billions of euros):