Sweden Passport

[Country Name] Sweden (Sverige).

【 Area 】 450000 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 10.55 million (as of December 2023). The vast majority are Swedes, with immigrants mostly coming from the Middle East, Southeast Europe, Africa, and other regions. The Sami people in the north are the only ethnic minority, with approximately 20000 people. The official language is Swedish, and English is commonly used. The main religion is Lutheranism.

Stockholm, the capital city, has a population of 990000 (as of the end of 2023) and an average annual temperature of 7.9 ℃.

King Carl XVI Gustaf ascended to the throne on September 15, 1973.

National Day falls on June 6th, which is an important holiday.

[Currency] Svensk krona, 1 krona=100 hors, 1 US dollar is approximately 10.55 krona (as of October 2024).

【 Overview 】 Located in the eastern half of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. To the west is Norway, with a border length of 1619 kilometers; Northeast borders Finland, with a border length of 586 kilometers; To the east is the Baltic Sea, to the southwest is the North Sea, facing Denmark across the sea, with a coastline of 3218 kilometers and a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles. The terrain is narrow and elongated, sloping from northwest to southeast. The northern part is the Norland Plateau, while the southern and coastal areas are mostly plains or hills. There are about 100000 lakes and few navigable rivers. Most areas have a temperate coniferous forest climate, while the southernmost regions have a temperate broad-leaved forest climate. Affected by the North Atlantic Warm Current, the average temperature in January is -15 ℃ in the north and 1-2 ℃ in the south; In July, the temperature is 8 ℃ in the north and 18 ℃ in the south.

The formation of a state began in the early 11th century AD. In 1157, Finland was annexed. In 1397, the Kalmar League was formed with Denmark and Norway, under Danish rule. Independence from the Alliance in 1523. The period from 1654 to 1719 was a period of great power, with territories including present-day Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as the Baltic coastal areas of Russia, Poland, and Germany. After the failed battles against Russia, Denmark, and Poland in 1718, it gradually declined. In 1805, he participated in the Napoleonic Wars. After being defeated by Russia in 1809, he was forced to cede Finland. In 1814, he obtained Norway from Denmark and formed the Swedish Norwegian Alliance. In 1905, Norway became independent. Sweden remained neutral during both World Wars. Joined the European Union in 1995.

In September 2022, Sweden will hold national parliamentary elections. In October, the Moderate Party, the Liberal Party, and the Christian Democratic Party formed a minority coalition government, with the Swedish Democratic Party as the government support party. The current government's policy priorities include cracking down on crime, promoting employment and economic growth, ensuring energy supply security, and joining NATO.

The current Constitution consists of four fundamental laws: the Government Code (enacted in 1809 and revised in 1974), the Succession to the Throne Law (enacted in 1810 and revised in 1979), the Freedom of the Press Law (enacted in 1949), and the Freedom of Speech Law (enacted in 1991). In addition, there is the Parliamentary Organization Act (enacted in 1866 and revised in 1974 and 2014). The constitution stipulates that Sweden implements a constitutional monarchy. The king is the head of state and, as a symbol of the country, only performs representative or ceremonial duties and cannot interfere with the work of parliament and government. The parliament is a legislative body elected by universal suffrage. The government is the highest administrative body of the country, responsible to the parliament. The eldest child of the king is the legal heir to the throne.

The parliament has a unicameral system with a total of 349 members. Members of parliament are elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. According to the Parliamentary Organization Law, political parties must obtain 4% of the national vote or 12% of a constituency's vote in a general election to enter parliament. The current parliament is elected in September 2022, consisting of the Social Democratic Party, the Environment Party, the Left Party, the Moderate Party, the Liberal Party, the Centre Party, the Christian Democratic Party, and the Swedish Democratic Party, with 16 standing committees. Andreas Norl é n, a moderate party member, serves as the speaker.

In October 2022, the Moderate Party, Liberal Party, and Christian Democratic Party formed a new coalition government. There are currently 24 cabinet members. The main cabinet members include Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson (Moderate Party), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Energy and Commerce Ebba Busch (female, Christian Democratic Party), and Foreign Minister Maria Malmer Stenergard (female, Moderate Party).

【 Main website 】

The Swedish Royal Family:http://www.kungahuset.se

Parliament:http://www.riksdagen.se

Prime Minister's Office:http://www.regeringen.se

Ministry of Foreign Affairs:http://www.ud.se

Swedish International Development Agency:http://www.sida.se

Swedish Society:http://www.si.se

The country is divided into 21 provinces and 290 cities. Provincial governors are appointed by the government, and municipal leadership bodies are elected. Both provinces and cities have significant autonomy.

The judiciary is divided into three levels: the Supreme Court, six intermediate (appellate) courts, and 72 first instance courts. In addition, there are 28 administrative courts. The Royal Supreme Court is composed of 16 lifelong judges appointed by the government. There are national procuratorates, 6 intermediate procuratorates, 38 district procuratorates, and 11 procuratorates specialized in economic crimes throughout the country. The national procurator is appointed by the government. There is an independent inspector who is responsible to the parliament and supervises government agencies and officials at all levels.

The main political parties are:

(1) Moderaterna: The ruling party. Established in 1904. Originally known as the Moderate United Party, it was renamed to its current name in 2006. Advocate for upholding private ownership and reducing taxes for enterprises, and actively participate in international cooperation. There are currently about 50000 party members. Chairman Ulf Kristersson.

(2) Liberalerna: The ruling party. Established in 1934. Originally named People's Party, it was changed to its current name in 2015. Advocate for free competition and lenient immigration policies. There are currently about 11000 party members. Chairman Johan Pehrson.

(3) Christian Democratic Party (Kristdemokraterna): The ruling party. Established in 1964, originally named Christian Social Democratic Party, changed to its current name in 1996. There are currently about 25000 party members. Adhere to Christian values and value family. Chairperson Ebba Busch (female).

(4) Sverigedemokraterna: opposition party (supporting the government). Established in 1988. There are approximately 36000 party members. The far right political party demands that the government implement stricter immigration policies. Entered the national parliament for the first time in 2010. Chairman Jimmie Å kesson.

(5) Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna): abbreviated as Social Democratic Party. Established in 1889. Sweden's largest political party, formerly in power for a long time, is now the opposition party. There are currently about 80000 party members. Advocate for maintaining and developing the welfare system, and actively participate in international cooperation. Chairperson Magdalena Andersson (female).

(6) Environment Party (Milj ö partiet): opposition party. Established in 1981. There are currently about 15000 party members. Emphasize environmental protection, advocate for the closure of nuclear power plants, and oppose joining the eurozone. Implement a collective leadership system, with the main leaders being M ä rta Stenevi (female) and Per Bolund.

(7) Centerpartiet: The opposition party. Established in 1913, formerly known as the Farmers' Association, it was renamed to its current name in 1958. There are currently about 23000 party members. Oppose centralization and emphasize environmental protection. Chairman Muharrem Demirok.

(8) Left Party (V ä nsterpartiet): The opposition party. Established in 1917. Formerly known as the Left Party Communist Party, changed to its current name in 1990. There are currently about 11000 party members. Request to shorten working hours, prioritize women's rights, and oppose joining the European Union. Chairperson Nooshi Dadgostar (female).

Carl XVI Gustav: King. Born on April 30, 1946 in Stockholm. After graduating from high school in 1966, he received military training in the army and pursued further studies at Uppsala University and Stockholm University in 1968. He ascended to the throne on September 15, 1973. Love sports and physical activities. In June 1976, he married German Sylvia Somerlat. There are two daughters and one son, and the eldest daughter, Princess Victoria, is the Crown Prince. In September 1981 and July 2006, he visited China with the Queen. In 2008, he attended the Beijing Olympics. In May 2010, he attended the Shanghai World Expo. In November, he visited China with the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering's scientific research team. In February 2011, he and the Queen visited Shanghai privately.

Ulf Kristensen: Prime Minister. Born in 1963. Joined the Moderate Party Youth League in 1985. He served as the Chairman of the Youth League from 1988 to 1992. Elected as a member of parliament in 1991, he successively served as a member of the parliamentary social security committee, education committee, labor market committee, and parliamentary auditor. Appointed as Minister of Social Security in 2010. In 2017, he became the chairman of the Moderate Party. Elected as Prime Minister in October 2022. Married with three daughters.

The economy is highly developed. The 'Swedish model', which focuses on high income, high taxes, and high welfare, has played a positive role in ensuring the country's economic development. The main economic indicators for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 595.09 billion Swedish kronor.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 564000 Swedish Krona.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: - 0.2%.

Unemployment rate: 8.0%.

Iron ore, forests, and hydropower are the three major resources in Sweden. Sweden is the largest exporter of iron ore in Europe, with an iron ore production of approximately 87 million tons in 2022 and a total mining industry revenue of approximately 69 billion Swedish kronor. The forest coverage rate is 68.6%, with a storage capacity of 3.55 billion cubic meters. Hydroelectric power accounts for the largest proportion of clean energy in Sweden, generating approximately 6.8 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually, or 45% of the country's total electricity output. In addition, there are small reserves of sulfur, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic and other minerals in the northern and central regions.

Industry is well-developed, mainly including mining, machinery manufacturing, forestry and paper industry, power equipment, automobiles, chemical industry, telecommunications, food processing, etc.

The total cultivated land area in China is 2.82 million hectares, accounting for approximately 7% of the country's total land area. Grain, meat, eggs, and dairy products are self-sufficient, while vegetables and fruits are mainly imported. The self-sufficiency rate of agricultural products is over 80%.

The service industry is well-developed, with practitioners mainly distributed in fields such as medical care, commerce, transportation and communication, finance, enterprise services, education, scientific research, public administration, cultural services, and family services.

The tourism industry is steadily developing, with major tourist destinations including the capital Stockholm, the northern nature reserve, the western city of Gothenburg, and the southern province of Skona.

Sweden's fiscal situation is good, with a moderate government debt burden and a public debt to GDP ratio of less than 17% in 2023.

The dependence on foreign trade is relatively high. In 2023, the total amount of foreign goods trade was 4.151 trillion Swedish kronor, a year-on-year increase of 2.45%. Among them, the import value was about 2.048 trillion Swedish kronor, a year-on-year decrease of 0.28%, and the export value was about 2.103 trillion Swedish kronor, a year-on-year increase of 5.26%. The main export commodities include: machinery and transportation equipment, wood and paper products, chemical and plastic products, industrial machinery, electronic and telecommunications equipment, mineral products, etc.

People's living standards are relatively high, the social security system is perfect, and the medical and health system is developed. The aging population is more severe.

[Military] has long adhered to the policy of non alignment in military affairs. The application to join NATO was officially submitted on June 18, 2022, and the accession will take place in March 2024. During peacetime, emphasis is placed on overall national defense construction, including military defense, civil defense, economic defense, and psychological defense. The king is the highest representative of the national armed forces. The commander-in-chief of the three armed forces is responsible for proposing military strategies, leading unit training, and commanding the entire army's operations. The country is divided into four military regions. On July 1, 2017, Sweden began implementing compulsory military service. The military industry is well-developed. General Micael Byd é n, Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.

Education: Implement a ten-year free compulsory education. In 2020, 84% of the population had an education level of high school or above. There are 48 universities of various types in China, including 11 comprehensive universities and 5 art colleges. Famous universities include Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lund University, Royal Institute of Technology, etc.

Scientific research is relatively advanced. The national research forces are mainly concentrated in nationally funded universities, professional research institutes, Royal Academy of Sciences and Engineering, as well as research and development departments under enterprise funding.

Cultural life is relatively rich. There are 2268 public libraries, 416 museums of various types, and 425 cinemas nationwide.

Sports: There are abundant national sports and fitness activities, including tennis, ice hockey, table tennis, football, handball, golf, horse racing, and other competitive events that are popular and at a high level. There are about 27000 sports associations and clubs nationwide.

Press and Publication: More than 16000 books and 170 daily newspapers are published annually. The main newspapers include Daily News, Swedish Daily News, Evening News, etc. The news media includes the Swedish News Agency, founded in 1921 as a semi official news organization, which includes the Swedish National Radio, Swedish Television, and Education.

We adhere to the principle of "small country, big diplomacy" and regard human rights, democracy, and multilateral cooperation as the cornerstone of our foreign policy. Support economic globalization, advocate multilateralism and free trade, and oppose protectionism and populism. Value the role of international organizations such as the United Nations and actively promote UN reform. Pay attention to international hot issues and hope to exert influence through providing development assistance, participating in international peacekeeping, and other means. Foreign aid accounts for about 1% of the total national income. Actively participate in EU affairs, support European integration, and serve as a member of the EU and NATO. Advocate for strengthening transatlantic cooperation. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on developing relations with emerging countries.