United Kingdom Passport

[Country Name] The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

[Area] 244100 square kilometers (including inland waters). England has 130400 square kilometers, Scotland has 78800 square kilometers, Wales has 20800 square kilometers, and Northern Ireland has 14100 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 67.596 million (2022). The official language is English, Welsh is still used in northern Wales, and Gaelic is still used in parts of the northwest highlands of Scotland and Northern Ireland. Most residents believe in Protestant Christianity (accounting for 51% of the total population), mainly divided into the Church of England (also known as the Church of England or the Anglican Church) and the Church of Scotland (also known as the Presbyterian Church). There are also larger religious communities such as the Catholic Church, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and Buddhism.

【 Capital 】 London, with a population of 8.83 million (2022). The hottest month is July, with temperatures typically ranging from 16-24 ℃; The coldest month is January, and the temperature is usually between 5-9 ℃.

【 Currency 】 Pound Sterling (1 pound is equivalent to 1.30 US dollars) (October 2024)

King Charles III, born in November 1948, ascended to the throne in September 2022 and was crowned on May 6, 2023.

【 Overview 】 The island nation is located in western Europe and consists of the islands of Great Britain (including England, Scotland, and Wales), northeastern Ireland, and some small islands. Across the North Sea, the Strait of Dover, and the English Channel, facing the European continent. The total length of the coastline is 11450 kilometers. It belongs to the oceanic temperate broad-leaved forest climate. The maximum temperature usually does not exceed 32 ℃, and the minimum temperature is not lower than -10 ℃. The annual precipitation in the northern and western regions exceeds 1100 millimeters, with mountainous areas receiving over 2000 millimeters, central lowlands receiving 700-850 millimeters, and eastern and southeastern regions receiving only 550 millimeters. The driest period is from February to March each year, and the wettest period is from October to January of the following year.

From the 1st to the 5th century AD, the southeastern part of Great Britain was under the rule of the Roman Empire. Later, the Anglo Saxons, Jutes successively invaded. Feudal system began to form in the 7th century. The unification of England in 829 is known as the Anglo Saxon era. In 1066, Duke William of Normandy crossed the sea and conquered England, establishing the Normandy dynasty. In 1536, England and Wales merged. The bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640 and was declared a republic on May 19, 1649. The dynasty was restored in 1660. The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688, establishing a constitutional monarchy. In 1707, England merged with Scotland, and in 1801, it merged with Ireland. From the 1860s to the 1830s, it became the first country in the world to complete the Industrial Revolution. The colonies occupied in 1914 were 111 times larger than the mainland. In 1921, the "Free State" was established in the southern 26 counties of Ireland, while the northern 6 counties remained under British rule. After the First World War, it began to decline and its global hegemonic position was gradually replaced by the United States. The Second World War severely weakened the economic strength of Britain. With the successive independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the British colonial system began to crumble. But the UK remains the leader of the Commonwealth, which currently has 56 member countries. The British government claims to have 14 territories overseas. Joined the European Community in January 1973 and withdrew from the EU in January 2020.

In June 2016, the UK held a referendum on UK EU relations, and the Brexit option won with 51.9% support. Prime Minister David Cameron subsequently announced his resignation. In July, Theresa May took over as the new leader of the Conservative Party, becoming the second female Prime Minister in British history after Margaret Thatcher. In June 2017, the UK held early elections. May led the Conservative Party to maintain its position as the largest party in parliament, but failed to win a majority of seats. In November 2018, the British government negotiated with the European Union to reach the Brexit Agreement and the Political Declaration on the Framework of Future UK EU Relations, but suffered consecutive setbacks in the House of Commons of the British Parliament. Under pressure from within the party, May stepped down as the leader of the Conservative Party. In July, Boris Johnson was elected as the new leader of the Conservative Party and assumed the position of Prime Minister. In December, Johnson led the Conservative Party to a significant victory in the early election and was re elected as Prime Minister. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom officially left the European Union, ending its 47 year history as a member state with an 11 month transition period. On December 24, 2020, the UK and the EU announced the completion of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. The transition period for Brexit ended at 23:00 London time on December 31, 2020 (00:00 Brussels time on January 1, 2021), and the agreement was put into effect. Overall, the UK EU relationship has smoothly transitioned. In July 2022, Johnson announced his resignation under pressure within the party. In September, Elizabeth Truss, the then Minister of Foreign Affairs and Development, was elected the leader of the Conservative Party and took over as Prime Minister, and then resigned in October. In the same month, former Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak was elected as the leader of the Conservative Party and became the Prime Minister. On July 4, 2024, the Labour Party won the election overwhelmingly and came to power, with party leader Keir Starmer serving as Prime Minister.

In May 1999, local councils and governments were established in Scotland and Wales through elections, with 129 and 60 seats respectively. On July 1st, the parliaments and governments of the two places officially began operations. The Scottish Parliament has certain legislative and executive powers in local government, judiciary, health, education, economic development, and some taxation powers, and can adjust the basic income tax rate by 3%. Authorized by the central government of the UK, Scotland held a referendum on September 18, 2014 on whether to achieve independence from the UK. The results showed that 55% of the public opposed independence, 45% supported it, and the referendum was not passed. The current Chief Minister of Scotland, John Swinney.

The Welsh Assembly mainly has decision-making power on issues such as employment, health, education, and the environment, but does not have the power to adjust tax rates. The current Chief Minister of Wales, Eluned Morgan.

On April 10, 1998, the governments of the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as all parties involved in the Northern Ireland conflict, signed a peace agreement in which Britain transferred local affairs management to Northern Ireland and Ireland relinquished its sovereignty over the territory. Subsequently, a Northern Ireland Local Council was elected to promote the establishment of a multi-party autonomous government in Northern Ireland, which exercises legislative and executive powers except for defense, foreign affairs, and taxation. Due to disputes among various factions in Northern Ireland over issues such as disarmament, the British government was forced to suspend the operation of the Northern Ireland government four times. After multiple twists and turns, on July 28, 2005, the Irish Republican Army issued a statement announcing that it would abandon armed struggle and no longer engage in any non peaceful activities. Subsequently, the British government dismantled some military facilities in Northern Ireland and withdrew troops in stages. On March 9, 2007, local council elections were held in Northern Ireland, with the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein Party receiving more than half of the total votes. On May 8th, after arduous negotiations, all parties in Northern Ireland reached a compromise on power distribution, and the Northern Ireland local coalition government announced its restart. In February 2010, the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein reached an agreement on the transfer of policing and judicial powers, transferring policing and judicial powers from the British Parliament to the Northern Ireland Local Council. In September 2015, the crisis sparked by the assassination of former members of the Irish Republican Army led by the coalition government resulted in the resignation of Peter Robinson, the Chief Minister of Northern Ireland Local Government, along with several other ministers. In December, Arlene Foster was elected as the new leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and served as the Chief Minister of Northern Ireland Local Government, with Martin McGuinness of Sinn F é in serving as the Deputy Chief Minister. In January 2017, McGuines announced his resignation in protest of Foster's "Renewable Energy Incentive Project". According to the relevant arrangements of the 1998 peace agreement, after the resignation of the Deputy Chief Minister, the Chief Minister cannot fully perform his duties alone, and the Northern Ireland government cannot operate normally. In March, Northern Ireland held early parliamentary elections. The two major political parties in Northern Ireland, the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein, are leading the vote. Among the 90 elected members, 28 were from the Democratic Unionist Party and 27 were from Sinn Fein Party, both of whom did not have a majority. In January 2020, the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein reached a coalition agreement to form a government, with Alena Foster reappointed as Chief Minister and Sinn Fein Deputy Leader Michelle O'Neil appointed as Deputy Chief Minister. Local governments in Northern Ireland resumed operations. In May 2021, due to internal opposition, Foster resigned as the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and resigned as Chief Minister at the end of June, with Paul Givan taking over. In February 2022, Jiwan resigned as Chief Minister due to opposition to the Northern Ireland Protocol, causing the local government in Northern Ireland to come to a standstill. In May, Sinn F é in won 29.0% of the vote and 27 seats in the Northern Ireland parliamentary elections, becoming the largest party in the Northern Ireland parliament. In May 2023, Sinn Fein won 144 out of 462 seats in 11 local councils in the Northern Ireland local elections, maintaining its position as the largest party in Northern Ireland. In February 2024, Michelle O'Neil, the deputy leader of Sinn Fein, was appointed as the Chief Minister, and Emma Little Pengelly, a member of the Democratic Unionist Party, was appointed as the Deputy Chief Minister. The local government in Northern Ireland resumed operations.

The British Constitution is composed of written law, customary law, and convention, rather than a single independent document. This mainly includes the Magna Carta (1215), the Habeas Corpus Act (1679), the Bill of Rights (1689), the Parliamentary Acts (1911, 1949), as well as various amended electoral laws, municipal autonomy laws, county council laws, etc. The political system is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the head of state, the highest judicial officer, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the "supreme leader" of the Anglican Church. In form, he has the power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister, ministers, senior judges, military officers, governors of territories, diplomats, bishops, and senior clergy of the Anglican Church. He also has the power to convene, suspend, and dissolve parliament, approve laws, declare war, and make peace, but the real power lies in the cabinet.

The highest legislative body, consisting of the monarch, the House of Lords (House of Lords), and the House of Commons (House of Commons). Members of the House of Lords include descendants of the royal family, hereditary nobles, lifelong nobles, the Archbishop of the Church, and bishops. In November 1999, the House of Lords Reform Act was passed, and more than 600 hereditary nobles lost their qualifications as members of the House of Lords, except for 92 who remained in office. Non political appointed members of the House of Lords were recommended by a specialized royal committee. The Speaker of the House of Lords was first elected in July 2006. There are currently 790 members of the House of Lords, with the current Speaker being Lord McFall. Members of the House of Commons are elected by universal suffrage, with a total of 650 seats, using a simple majority electoral system, with a term of 5 years, but the government may propose early elections. The current lower house of parliament will be elected in July 2024, with 411 seats for the Labour Party, 121 seats for the Conservative Party, 72 seats for the Liberal Democrats, and 46 seats for other parties and independents. The current Speaker is Lindsay Hoyle.

The government implements a cabinet system. The leader of the political party with a majority of seats in parliament is appointed by the monarch as the Prime Minister and forms a government, accountable to the parliament. The main members of the current cabinet are:

Prime Minister and Chief Financial Secretary Keir Starmer, Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Angela Rayner, Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves, Home Secretary Yvette Cooper, Energy Security and Net Zero Emissions Secretary Ed Miliband, Foreign Development Secretary David Lammy, Lancaster County Secretary Pat McFadden, Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood, Health and Social Welfare Secretary Wes Streeting, Business and Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds Secretary of State for Employment and Pensions Liz Kendall Kendall, Defense Secretary John Healey, Transport Secretary Louise Haigh, Science, Innovation and Technology Secretary Peter Kyle, Northern Ireland Secretary of State Hillary Benn, Scotland Secretary Ian Murray, Education Secretary and Minister for Women and Equality Bridget Phillipson, Culture, Media and Sport Secretary Lisa Nandy, Lord Chamberlain and Leader of the House of Lords Baroness Smith, Privy Council Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons Lucy Powell, Welsh Secretary of State Jo Stevens Steve Reed, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

The administrative divisions are divided into four parts: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England is divided into 9 regions, with London, 56 unitary district governments, 201 non metropolitan areas, and 36 metropolitan area governments. Scotland has 32 districts, Wales has 22 districts, and Northern Ireland has 11 local cities and counties. The central government is responsible for foreign affairs, national defense and security, overall economic and monetary policies, employment policies, and social security, while the Scottish and Welsh parliaments and their administrative bodies are responsible for local affairs.

The capital city of London, also known as' Greater London ', consists of 32 independent boroughs and the' City of London '.

There are three different legal systems in the judiciary: England and Wales follow the common law system, Scotland follows the civil law system, and Northern Ireland follows a similar legal system as England. The judiciary is divided into two systems: civil courts and criminal courts. In England and Wales, civil trial institutions are divided into county courts, high courts, appellate courts, civil divisions, and the Supreme Court. Criminal trial institutions are divided into local courts, criminal courts, appellate courts, criminal divisions, and the Supreme Court according to their levels. The Supreme Court is the final appellate body for all civil cases in the UK, as well as for all criminal cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The High Court of Scotland is the final appellate body for all criminal cases in Scotland.

The Crown Prosecution Service was established in 1986, CPS）， Responsible for handling all criminal cases submitted by the police forces in England and Wales. The Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General are the main legal advisors to the British government. The current Attorney General, Richard Hermer.

The political party system has been an important part of British constitutionalism since the 18th century. The main political parties currently are:

Labour Party: The largest party in parliament. Established in 1900, originally named the Labor Representative Committee, it was renamed in 1906. He served continuously for 13 years from 1997 to 2010. In July 2024, he won the general election and came to power. The current party leader Keir Starmer was elected in April 2020. Advocate maintaining stable macroeconomic growth and attaching importance to the construction of social welfare system. Advocate active participation in international cooperation and maintain relatively close relations with Europe.

Conservative Party: The second largest party in parliament and the main opposition party. The current party leader, Rishi Sunak, was elected in October 2022. Formerly known as the Tory Party founded in 1679, it was renamed in 1833. He successively held power from 1979 to 1997 and from 2010 to 2024. Advocate for a free market economy, strictly control the money supply, reduce public spending, lower inflation, limit union power, and strengthen the rule of law. After Cameron became the party leader in 2005, he proposed a compassionate conservatism that focused on social issues such as education, healthcare, and poverty. Emphasize the maintenance of British sovereignty and take the lead in completing Brexit.

Other political parties in the UK include the Liberal Democratic Party, Scottish National Party, Reform Party, Plaid Cymru, Green Party, and some political parties in Northern Ireland such as Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party, Social Democratic Labour Party, Sinn Fein, etc.

Charles III: Head of State. Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten Windsor, born on November 14, 1948 at Buckingham Palace in London, was the eldest son of the late Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On September 8, 2022, after the death of Queen Elizabeth II, she inherited the throne and became King Charles III. Former wife Diana Spencer (married in 1981, divorced in 1996, passed away in 1997) had two sons. Her eldest son, Prince William, is now the Crown Prince and has been crowned as the Prince of Wales. My current wife Camilla Parker Bowles (married in 2005) was crowned queen.

Kiel Stamer: Prime Minister. Born in September 1962, he obtained a Bachelor's degree in Law and a Bachelor's degree in Civil Law from the University of Leeds and the University of Oxford. From 2008 to 2013, he served as the Attorney General of the Crown Prosecution Service, was elected as a Member of Parliament in May 2015, and was elected as the leader of the Labour Party in April 2020. Appointed as Prime Minister after the July 2024 general election.

The UK is the sixth largest economy in the world and the second largest economy in Europe. Private enterprises are the mainstay of the British economy, accounting for over 90% of the gross domestic product, with the service industry accounting for over three-quarters of the GDP and the manufacturing industry accounting for around one tenth. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 2023 is 2.27 trillion pounds, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%. Affected by factors such as inflation, labor shortages, and the Ukrainian crisis, energy supply in the UK is tight and prices are rising. The inflation rate for September 2024 was 1.7%. The Bank of England has continuously raised interest rates since December 2021, with 14 consecutive rate hikes as of March 2024. The benchmark interest rate is 5.25%, and it was lowered to 5% in August 2024. In January 2024, the International Monetary Fund raised the UK's economic growth forecast for 2024 to 1.1%. In January 2022, the UK's National Security and Investment Act officially came into effect, authorizing the government to review and intervene in foreign investments that pose a threat to national security.

The UK has abundant energy resources, mainly including coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, and hydropower. The energy industry holds an important position in the UK economy. In recent years, the government has advocated for improving energy efficiency, developing nuclear and renewable energy, reducing dependence on traditional mineral fuels, encouraging research and development of efficient energy-saving technologies, and developing a "low-carbon economy".

The main industries in the UK include mining, metallurgy, chemical engineering, machinery, electronics, electronic instruments, automobiles, aviation, food, beverages, tobacco, textiles, papermaking, printing, publishing, construction, etc. The manufacturing industry has strong capabilities in pharmaceuticals, electronic and optical equipment, synthetic fibers, and chemical products. The fields of biomedicine, aviation, and defense are the focus of British industrial research and development, as well as the most innovative and competitive industries.

Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries account for less than 1% of the UK's gross domestic product, with approximately 450000 employees and less than 2% of total employment, lower than other major industrialized countries. Agricultural land accounts for 70% of the national land area, with the majority being grasslands and pastures, and only 1/4 used for cultivation. The agricultural population owns 70 hectares of land per capita. Britain is one of the largest fishing countries in Europe.

The service industry, including finance and insurance, retail, tourism, and business services, is a pillar industry of the British economy, accounting for about three-quarters of the gross domestic product. London is a world-renowned financial center with a modern financial service system, engaged in cross-border bank lending, international bond issuance, fund investment and other businesses. It is also the world's largest foreign exchange trading market, insurance market, gold spot trading market, derivative trading market, the third largest insurance market in the world, an important ship loan market, and a non precious metal trading center, and has the largest number of foreign bank branches or offices.

The tourism industry in the UK ranks fifth in the world in terms of revenue, with approximately 3.3 million employees, accounting for 10% of the employed population. Affected by the epidemic, the total number of tourists to the UK in 2021 is about 6.4 million. In 2022, the total number of tourists from various countries visiting the UK was approximately 31.2 million. The main tourist destinations include London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Brighton, Oxford, and Cambridge. The main tourist attractions include opera houses, museums, art galleries, ancient buildings, theme parks, and shops.

The transportation infrastructure in the UK is relatively complete. Land, railway, waterway, and air transportation are all relatively developed. London has a well-developed subway network. In 1994, the English French underwater tunnel was completed, connecting the railway systems of the UK and the European continent.

The new fiscal year begins on April 6th every year. Government budget expenditures include public expenditures (central and local government expenditures), payment of debt interest, and financial adjustments. The fiscal budget revenue includes three categories: direct tax, indirect tax, and national insurance tax revenue.

The Bank of England was founded in 1694 and became the central bank of the United Kingdom in 1946, making it the world's first central bank. Other banks include HSBC Holding, Lloyds Banking Group, Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland, Standard Chartered, and others.

We attach great importance to free trade and our main trading partners are the European Union, the United States, China, and Japan. In 2022, the total import and export volume of goods was 1061.7 billion pounds, of which exports were 415.9 billion pounds, a year-on-year increase of 28.5%, and imports were 645.8 billion pounds, a year-on-year increase of 31.1%. In 2023, the total import and export volume of goods will be 974 billion pounds, of which 392.6 billion pounds will be exported and 581.4 billion pounds will be imported.

Foreign investment: a major exporter of international capital. Outward investment was on par with the United States and Japan in the first half of the 1980s, but experienced a significant decline in the early 1990s due to economic recession before gradually recovering growth thereafter. In 2021, the UK's outbound investment amounted to 61.7 billion pounds, a year-on-year decrease of 21.23%.

According to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, the UK is gradually shifting its assistance to specific projects towards providing direct aid to governments implementing poverty reduction strategies. In 2011, the UK stopped direct aid to 16 countries including Russia, China, Vietnam, and Serbia, and focused its aid on 27 least developed countries and regions including Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Pakistan. In 2013, the UK became the first G7 country to reach 0.7% of its gross national income in foreign aid. In 2023, the UK's official development assistance amounted to £ 15.4 billion, an increase of £ 2.6 billion from 2021, accounting for 0.58% of national income.

Encourage the attraction of foreign capital. In 2021, the UK attracted $28 billion in foreign direct investment. Foreign investment projects in the UK mainly include computer software, information technology, Internet, e-commerce, electronics and communications, medicine and biotechnology, management industry, automobile, food and beverage, etc.

Famous companies and economic organizations:

Financial investments: HSBC Holdings, Prudential, Standard Chartered Group, Lloyds Banking Group, Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Barclays

Daily food use: TESCO Group, Unilever

Biopharmaceuticals: GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca

Energy and Mineral Resources: BP, Rio Tinto Group

Communication: Vodafone, British Telecom (BT)

Industrial manufacturing: Rolls Royce Holdings

Economic organization: The China British Business Council, formerly known as the "48 Group", was established in 1953 by a group of British small and medium-sized enterprises that broke through the Western trade blockade against China. The later British government established a semi official "UK China Trade Association". The two organizations merged into the "UK China Trade 48 Group" in 1991 and were renamed the "UK China Trade Association" in 1998. Supported and guided by the British government, there are nearly 300 core members, the vast majority of whom are enterprises, banks, and trading companies engaged in long-term economic and trade cooperation with China, mainly committed to promoting bilateral trade and economic and technological cooperation between China and the UK.

Britain was one of the earliest Western countries to implement a social welfare system, providing free healthcare services to the entire population through the National Health Service established by the Labour government in 1948. The average life expectancy in the UK is comparable to other developed countries, and the overall society is showing an aging trend.

In the mid-17th century, Ye Jianjun was involved in military affairs. The monarch is the nominal supreme commander of the British army. The highest military decision-making body is the Defense and Overseas Policy Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, with members including the Minister of Defense, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Home Affairs, and Minister of Finance; When necessary, the Chief of National Defense Staff and the Chief of Staff of the three armed forces shall attend the meeting as observers. The Ministry of National Defense is the executive body of national defense, serving as both an administrative department of the government and the highest military command.

The UK is a founding member and major member of the NATO group, possessing nuclear capabilities, and regards NATO collective security as the foundation of UK security. The number of British military personnel is 183100, including 138100 active duty regular soldiers, 4060 mercenaries, and 32500 volunteer reserves. Among them, there are 75000 active duty soldiers in the army, 31900 in the navy, and 31000 in the air force (as of January 2024). The military industry in the UK is well-developed, with some weapons, equipment, and technological levels ranking among the world's advanced. In July 2016, the British Parliament passed a bill to spend £ 40 billion to upgrade four Trident ballistic missile submarines. In December 2017, the Navy's HMS Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier officially entered service. The UK is a major exporter of weapons in the world, with main export categories including military aircraft, tactical missiles, combat ships, and military electronic equipment.

The central and local governments in the UK are responsible for higher education and compulsory education respectively. England, Wales, and Scotland implement a compulsory education system for ages 5 to 16, while Northern Ireland implements a compulsory education system for ages 4 to 16. The national illiteracy rate is about 1%. Public primary and secondary schools are free, with students accounting for over 90% of the total; Private schools charge fees, with students accounting for approximately 7% of the total. About 40% of high school graduates receive higher education.

There are over 110 universities and higher education colleges across the country. Famous colleges and universities include Oxford University, Cambridge University, Imperial College of Technology, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of St Andrews, University College London, University of Warwick, Manchester University, Edinburgh University and Cardiff University.

Strong scientific research capabilities, covering a wide range of fields. Published academic papers account for 9% of the global total and 13.4% of citations. About 10% of the total number of people have won important international awards, and so far more than 130 people have won the Nobel Prize in Science.

One of the world's cultural powers, with a developed cultural industry. There are approximately 2500 museums and exhibition halls open to the public nationwide, among which the British Museum, National Gallery, and others are renowned worldwide. Art groups such as the Royal Ballet and the London Symphony Orchestra have world-class standards. More than 500 professional art festivals are held annually, among which the Edinburgh International Festival is one of the largest art festivals in the world. English is one of the main languages for international information dissemination.

The news publishing industry in the UK is well-developed, with over 1300 newspapers, 8500 weekly magazines and magazines, including 11 national daily newspapers and 11 newspapers published every Sunday. The main newspapers and magazines include The Times, The Financial Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, The Observer, The Sunday Times, and The Economist. The Internet penetration rate is high.

There are three main news agencies: (1) Reuters: Founded in 1851 as a collective venture, it is one of the world's important news agencies, headquartered in London, with over 190 branches in 130 countries and more than 25000 editors, journalists, photographers, and various staff. (2) News Union: Founded in 1868, it is jointly operated by four companies: PA News, PA Sports, PA Search, and PA Data Design, specializing in providing public relations and investment information for businesses in the UK and Canada. (3) AFX News Limited: jointly operated by Agence France Presse and the Financial Times, providing information and services to the financial and business communities in Europe, with branches established in multiple European countries, the United States, and Japan, and headquartered in London.

There are five television stations in the UK that cover the entire country through ground transmission, namely the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Independent Television (ITV), Channel 4, Channel 5 (FIVE), and S4C specifically targeting the Welsh region and using Welsh language. In addition, there are satellite TV and cable TV, such as Sky TV.

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1922 and is currently one of the world's major media outlets. It has over 10 traditional and online radio stations, over 10 traditional and digital interactive television channels, and broadcasts programs in more than 40 languages to countries around the world.