Uruguay Passport

[Country Name] Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Rep ú blica Oriental del Uruguay).

【 Area 】 176200 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 3.4442 million (2023), of which 90.8% are white and 4.9% are Native Americans. The official language is Spanish. 66% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Montevideo, the capital, covers an area of 530 square kilometers, has a population of 1.383 million, and an average annual temperature of 16.5 ℃.

[Head of State] President Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, inaugurated on March 1, 2020, for a term of five years.

National Day: August 25th.

【 Overview 】 Located in the southeastern part of South America, on the east bank of the Uruguay River and the La Plata River. It borders Brazil to the north, Argentina to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. The coastline is 660 kilometers long. The terrain is flat, with alternating hills and grasslands, with an average elevation of 116.7 meters. It belongs to temperate climate, with summer from January to March and temperatures ranging from 17 ℃ to 28 ℃, and winter from July to September with temperatures ranging from 6 ℃ to 14 ℃. The annual precipitation increases from 950 millimeters to 1250 millimeters from south to north.

In the early days, it was a place of residence for the Charuya indigenous people. The Spanish expedition arrived in 1516. In 1726, Spanish colonizers established the city of Montevideo and began colonial rule. In 1810, Jose Artigas initiated the independence movement. On August 25, 1825, a group of patriots including Juan Antonio Lavayeja recaptured the city of Montevideo and declared Uruguay's independence. In 1903, after being elected president of the Red Party, Jos é Battelle Odones vigorously developed foreign trade and service industries based on animal husbandry, laying the foundation for the development of the national economy. In the first half of the 20th century, Uruguay was known as the "Switzerland of South America" due to its stable politics, generous welfare, and peaceful society. In the late 1960s, the economy faced difficulties, social conflicts intensified, and the situation became turbulent. In February 1973, a military coup came to power and implemented dictatorship. In 1984, the military government returned power to the people, and in November of the same year, the Red Party candidate Julio Maria Sanguinetti was elected president, restoring Uruguay's democratic constitution. In 1989, Luis Lacalle Herrera of the National Party was elected president. In 1994, Sanguinetti was re elected as president. In March 2000, Jorge Battelle of the Red Party came to power. In October 2004, the left-wing political party alliance Broad Front presidential candidate Vasquez won the election. In November 2009, the candidate of the Broad Front, Mujica, was elected president. In November 2014, the Broad Front candidate and former president Vasquez was re elected as president. In November 2019, the candidate of the National Party, Luis Alberto Racale Bau, was elected president and inaugurated on March 1, 2020.

Since the end of military dictatorship in the mid-1980s, the democratic system in Ukraine has been continuously consolidated. From 2005 to 2020, the Ukrainian center left political party alliance, the Broad Front, won three elections and held power for 15 consecutive years. During this period, the Broad Front government is committed to deepening institutional reform, establishing an efficient and frugal government, paying high attention to people's livelihoods, and prioritizing the optimization of wealth distribution, rectification of public security, and elimination of poverty as governance priorities, with priority given to assisting vulnerable groups. Since the Lakale government came into power in 2020, it has focused on responding to the COVID-19 and promoting economic recovery to reduce the impact of the epidemic on the economy and society. At present, the political situation in Ukraine remains stable.

The first constitution was promulgated on July 18, 1830 and has been amended multiple times since then. The 1951 Constitution abolished the presidential system and established the State Council (the highest executive power body). In 1966, the constitution was amended to restore the presidential system. The constitution was abolished after the military coup in 1973. After the elected government came to power in 1985, it was restored. The current implementation is the constitution revised in 1996 and passed by a national referendum. The Constitution stipulates that Uruguay implements a democratic republic system with separation of powers. Establish one President and one Vice President. The President is the head of state and government, as well as the supreme commander of the armed forces. The President, Vice President, and provincial governors are all directly elected by citizens for a term of five years. The president cannot be re elected and can run for office again in alternate terms. The current Vice President is Beatriz Argim ó n, who took office in March 2020.

A bicameral system of parliament. The Senate and the House of Representatives are composed of 31 senators and 99 representatives respectively, with a term of five years and the ability to be re elected. The President of Congress and Speaker of the Senate are concurrently held by the Vice President. The Speaker of the House of Representatives is elected by the members of the House and serves a term of one year. The parliamentary session is from March 15th to December 15th every year. During the recess, a standing committee composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall preside over daily work. The current Speaker of the House is Ana Olivera, a member of the National Party, who will take office in March 2024. The current Congress was formed on February 15, 2020. The seats held by each party in the parliament: