Uzbekistan Passport

The Republic of Uzbekistan, abbreviated as Uzbekistan, also known as Uzbekistan.

[Area] 448900 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 37.36 million (as of October 2024). There are over 130 ethnic groups in total. Uzbek accounts for 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 4%, in addition, Turkmen, Ukraine, Uygur, Armenia, Türkiye, Belarus, etc.

【 Capital 】 Tashkent (Таチкент). The permanent population is 3.021 million (as of October 2023). The average temperature in January is 0 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 28 ℃.

The current President is Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev, Шавкат Миромонович Мирзиёев）， Elected in December 2016 and re elected on July 9, 2023.

Uzbek is the official language and Russian is the common language.

Most residents believe in Islam (Sunni), while the rest mostly follow Eastern Orthodoxy.

[Major Festival] New Year: January 1st; Eid al Adha: December 10th in the Islamic calendar; Naurus Festival (Uzbek Spring Festival): March 21st; Commemoration and Honor Day (formerly Victory Day): May 9th; Independence Day: September 1st; Constitution Day: December 8th.

[Currency] Sums (1 US dollar is equivalent to 12900 Sums)

【 Overview 】 Located in the hinterland of Central Asia, the 'dual landlocked countries' have no sea outlet and all five neighboring countries are also landlocked. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Kazakhstan to the north and northeast, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east and southeast, and Turkmenistan to the west. It belongs to a severely arid continental climate, with an average temperature of 25-32 ℃ in July and -6-3 ℃ in January.

From the 9th to the 11th century, the Uzbek ethnic group was formed. In the 13th century, it was conquered by the Mongols. In the mid-14th century, Amir Timur established a vast empire with Samarkand as its capital. In the 16th to 18th centuries, the Bukhara Khanate, Khiva Khanate, and Kokand Khanate were established. In the 1860s and 1870s, some territories (now Samarkand and Fergana regions) were incorporated into Russia. The Soviet regime was established in 1917-1918, and the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was founded in October 1924 and joined the Soviet Union. On August 31, 1991, independence was declared and September 1 was designated as Independence Day.

At the beginning of independence, the first president Karimov proposed the "Five Principles" for building the country according to the "Uzbekistan Development Model": economic priority, state regulation, legal supremacy, gradual progress, and social security. Guided by the "Five Principles", Uzbekistan is committed to reviving national spirit and religious traditions, improving social tolerance, enhancing inter ethnic tolerance, and implementing social security for vulnerable classes and groups. At the same time, safeguarding national security will be one of the main tasks of the country.

After being elected president, Mirziyoyev successively introduced the "Action Strategy for the Five Priority Directions of National Development in Uzbekistan from 2017 to 2021", the "New Uzbekistan Development Strategy from 2022 to 2026", and the "Uzbekistan 2030 Strategy", promoting various new policies and achieving significant results.

On December 8, 1992, the first constitution was adopted, which stipulated that Uzbekistan is a sovereign and democratic country, implementing the separation of legislation, administration, and judiciary; The President is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, with a term of 7 years and no more than two consecutive terms; The economy is based on multiple forms of ownership. In March 2011, the constitution was amended to expand the powers of the parliament and political parties, stipulating that the prime minister would be nominated by the party or group holding the majority of seats in the Legislative Yuan. The parliament had the right to propose a vote of no confidence against the government and to question the prime minister on major issues related to the country's political and economic life. When the president was unable to govern, the chairman of the Senate would directly exercise the presidential powers until a new president was elected; In December 2011, the constitutional amendment reduced the presidential term from 7 years to 5 years; In 2014, the constitutional amendment stipulated the transfer of some presidential powers to the Prime Minister, expanded the powers of the government and parliament, and strengthened the independence of the Central Election Commission. In May 2017, the Senate of the Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan approved a constitutional amendment aimed at strengthening the country's democratic process. In April 2023, Uzbekistan successfully held a referendum on a new constitution, changing the presidential term from 5 years to 7 years.

The Uzbekistan Parliament, also known as the Supreme Assembly, is the highest representative body of the state that exercises legislative power. Implement a bicameral system, consisting of the Senate and the Legislative Yuan. The Senate is the upper house, and the current Senate was elected in January 2020, with Tanzila Kamalovna Narbaeva as its chairman. The Legislative Yuan is the lower house and was elected in January 2020. The President of the Legislative Yuan is Nurdinjon Muydinhanovich Ismoilov.

The government, also known as the Cabinet, is composed of the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, various ministers, and chairpersons of national committees of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to Article 98 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairman of the Cabinet of the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic shall enter the Cabinet of the Republic of Uzbekistan to hold relevant positions. The current government was established in January 2020, with Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov as the Prime Minister.

[Administrative divisions] The country is divided into one republic, 12 provinces, and one municipality: Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic, Andijan Province, Bukhara Province, Jizak Province, Kashkadarya Province, Navoi Province, Namangan Province, Samarkand Province, Surkhan River Province, Syr Darya Province, Tashkent Province, Fergana Province, Khorezm Province, and Tashkent City.

The pillar industries of the national economy are the "Four Golds": gold, "platinum" (cotton), "black gold" (oil), and "blue gold" (natural gas). After taking office as president, Mirziyoyev took a series of measures in economic opening and liberalization, as well as attracting foreign investment, and the Uzbekistan economy maintained an upward trend. According to statistics from the Uzbekistan National Statistical Committee, the gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to reach approximately 90.8 billion US dollars in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 6%. From January to September 2024, the gross domestic product increased by 6.6% year-on-year.

【 Resources 】 Rich in resources, with gold reserves ranking tenth in the world, uranium reserves ranking thirteenth in the world, and annual natural uranium production ranking fifth in the world. Copper, tungsten and other mineral deposits are also relatively abundant. The forest coverage rate is 12%.

The military was established in January 1992. The armed forces of Uzbekistan are composed of the army, air defense forces, special forces, anti-terrorism infantry forces, and technical and logistical support forces, with the president as the highest commander of the armed forces. Implement a mixed military service system that combines compulsory military service and contract system. The Uzbekistan military has five higher military academies.