Viet Nam Passport

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

【 Area 】 329556 square kilometers.

【 Population 】 100.3 million (2023), with 54 ethnic groups. The Jing ethnic group accounts for 86% of the total population, while the Dai, Dai, Mang, Chinese, and Nong ethnic groups all have a population of over 500000. The main language is Vietnamese (official language, lingua franca, major ethnic language). Main religions: Buddhism, Catholicism, Hephaeism, and Gaotai Christianity.

【 Capital 】 Hanoi, with an area of 3340 square kilometers and a population of 8.05 million people (2019). The average temperature in summer is 28.9 ℃, and the average temperature in winter is 18.9 ℃.

[Head of State] President Luong Cuong was elected in October 2024.

[Important Festival] Founding Day of the Communist Party of Vietnam: February 3rd (1930). Vietnam's National Day: September 2nd (1945). Southern Vietnam Liberation Day: April 30th (1975). Ho Chi Minh's birthday: May 19th (1890).

【 Overview 】 Located in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, it borders China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and faces the South China Sea to the east and south. The coastline is over 3260 kilometers long. Located south of the Tropic of Cancer, it belongs to a tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is around 24 ℃. The average annual rainfall is 1500-2000 millimeters. The north is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The southern region has distinct seasons of rain and drought, with most areas experiencing the rainy season from May to October and the dry season from November to April of the following year.

In 968 AD, it became an independent feudal country. In 1884, it became a French protectorate. On September 2, 1945, independence was declared and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established. In September of the same year, France invaded Vietnam again and Vietnam engaged in a difficult war of resistance against France. In July 1954, the Geneva Agreement on the restoration of peace in **, India, was signed, and the northern part of Vietnam was liberated, while the southern part of Vietnam was still ruled by France (later the South Vietnamese regime supported by the United States was established). Since 1961, Vietnam has been engaged in the War of Resistance Against the United States to Save the Country. In January 1973, Vietnam and the United States signed an agreement in Paris to end the war and restore peace in Vietnam, and the US military began to withdraw from the south. In May 1975, all the southern regions were liberated, and in April 1976, a unified parliament was elected. In July, national unity was declared and the country was named the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, held in January 2021, adopted the "Thirteenth National Congress Political Report", "Summary of the Implementation of the Economic and Social Development Strategy for 2011-2020 and the Formulation of the Economic and Social Development Strategy for 2021-2030", "Evaluation of the Implementation of Economic and Social Development Tasks for 2016-2020 and the Report on the Direction and Tasks of Economic and Social Development for 2021-2025", "Summary Report of the 12th Central Party Building and Party Constitution Implementation Work", and "Evaluation Report of the 12th Central Committee's Performance of Leadership Responsibilities", proposing to break away from the ranks of low - and middle-income countries by the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the South and national reunification in 2025, enter the ranks of high - and middle-income countries by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party in 2030, and become a high-income developed country by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of.

The current constitution of Vietnam is the fifth constitution, which was passed at the sixth session of the 13th National Assembly in November 2013 and officially came into effect on January 1, 2014. It is the inheritance and development of the constitutions of 1946, 1959, 1980, and 1992, reflecting the national construction program during Vietnam's socialist transition period.

The parliament, also known as the National Assembly, is the highest authority of the country with a term of five years and usually holds two regular meetings per year. Now it is the 15th Congress. The current Chairman of the National Assembly, Tran Thanh Man, was elected in May 2024.

The highest administrative organ of the country. The current government was formed in July 2021. Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh, Executive Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Hoa Binh, Deputy Prime Minister Tran Hong Ha, Deputy Prime Minister Le Thanh Long, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Ho Duc Phoc, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Bui Thanh Son, Defense Minister Phan Van Giang, Public Security Minister Luong Tam Quang, Interior Minister Pham Thi Thanh Tra, Justice Minister Nguyen Hai Ninh, and Planning and Investment Minister Nguyen Chi Yong. Dung, Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyen Hong Dien, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Le Minh Hoan, Minister of Transport Nguyen Van Thang, Minister of Construction Nguyen Qingyi Thanh Nghi, Minister of Resources and Environment Do Duc Duy, Minister of Communications and Media Nguyen Manh Hung, Minister of Labor, Veterans and Social Affairs Dao Ngoc Dung, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism Nguyen Van Hung, Minister of Science and Technology Huynh Thanh Dat, Minister of Education and Training Nguyen Kim Son, Minister of Health Dao Hong Lan, Director of the Government Office Tran Van Son, Director of the Ethnic Affairs Commission Hau A Lenh, Governor of the National Bank Nguyen Thi Hong Thi Hong and Doan Hong Phong, the Chief Inspector General of the General Supervision Administration.

The country is divided into 58 provinces and 5 municipalities directly under the central government.

The judicial system is composed of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, local courts, local procuratorates, and military courts. The President of the Supreme People's Court, Le Minh Tri, took office in August 2024, and the Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, Nguyen Huy Tien, took office in August 2024.

[Political party] The Communist Party of Vietnam is the only political party. It was founded on February 3, 1930. In October of the same year, it changed its name to the Communist Party of **, changed its name to the Vietnamese Labor Party in 1951, and changed its current name to 1976. There are currently over 5.4 million party members and nearly 56000 grassroots organizations, with inter party relationships with more than 180 political parties around the world.

The 13th General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was Nguyen Phu Trong, who passed away on July 19, 2024. Su Lim, member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and President of the country, temporarily presided over the party's work and was elected as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam in August 2024. Politburo members (15 people): Su Lin, Liang Qiang, Fan Mingzheng, Chen Qingmin, Tran Cam Tu, Phan Dinh Trac, Le Minh Hung, Nguyen Trong Nghia, Bui Thi Minh Hoai, Do Van Chien, Pan Wenjiang, Nguyen Heping, Nguyen Xuan Thang, Nguyen Van Nen, Liang Sanguang; Secretary of the Central Secretariat (11 people): Su Lin, Chen Jinxiu, Pan Tingzhuo, Le Mingxing, Nguyen Zhongyi, Du Wenzhan, Nguyen Heping, Le Hoai Trung, Nguyen Duy Ngoc, Le Mingzhi, Trinh Van Quyet; 21 members of the Central Inspection Commission: Chen Jinxiu, Tran Van Ron, Tran Tien Hung, Hoang Van Tra, Nghiem Phu Cuong, Nguyen Minh Quang, Tran Thi Hien, Hoang Trong Hung, Nguyen Van Quyet, Vu Hong Van, Vo Thai Nguyen, Ho Minh Chien, Nguyen Van Hohui To Duy Nghia, Nguyen Mengxiong, Dinh Huu Thanh, Le Van Thanh, Le Nguyen Nam Ninh, Dao The Hoang, Ha Quoc Tri, Dinh Van Cuong

Mat Tran To Quoc Viet Nam is a united front organization in Vietnam, established in September 1955. After the reunification of the North and South, it merged with the Southern National Liberation Front and the Vietnam National, Democratic, and Peace Forces Alliance in 1977. Du Wenzhan, Chairman of the 9th Central Committee of the Fatherland Front, was elected in April 2021.

[Important Figures]

Sulin: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Born in 1957 in Xing'an Province. Doctor of Law, Professor of Safety Science. He has served as the Deputy Director of the Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Director of the First Security Bureau, Deputy Minister of Public Security, and Minister of Public Security. Elected as the President of Vietnam in May 2024 and stepped down as the Minister of Public Security. In July 2024, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyen Phuc Trong, passed away. The Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of Vietnam designated Su Lim to temporarily preside over the work of the Central Political Bureau, Central Secretariat, and Central Committee. In August 2024, at the plenary session of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, he was elected as the General Secretary of the Central Committee with a high number of votes, while continuing to serve as the President of the country. Resignation as President in October 2024. Member of the 11th, 12th, and 13th Central Committee of Vietnam, and member of the 12th and 13th Central Political Bureau.

Liang Qiang: President of Vietnam. Born in 1957 in Fushimi Province. Graduated from the Political Theory major. He has served as the Political Commissar of the Second and Third Military Regions of Vietnam, Deputy Director and Director of the General Administration of the People's Army, and Executive Secretary of the Central Secretariat. Elected as the President of Vietnam in October 2024. Member of the 11th, 12th, and 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Secretary of the 12th Central Secretariat, Executive Secretary of the 13th Central Secretariat (resigned as Executive Secretary of the Central Secretariat on October 25th), and member of the 13th Central Politburo.

Fan Mingzheng: Prime Minister of the Vietnamese government. Born in Hualu Township, Houlu County, Qinghua Province in 1958. Doctor of Law. He has served as the Director of the Logistics Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Public Security, Secretary of the Guangning Provincial Party Committee, and Deputy Minister and Minister of the Central Organization Department. Elected as the Prime Minister of Vietnam at the 11th session of the 14th National Assembly in April 2021, and re elected at the first session of the 15th National Assembly in July. Member of the 11th, 12th, and 13th Central Committees of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and member of the 12th and 13th Politburo of the Central Committee.

Chen Qingmin: Chairman of the Vietnamese National Assembly. Born in 1962 in Houjiang Province. Doctor of Economics. He has served as the Chairman of the People's Committee, Deputy Secretary and Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, and Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Central Committee of the Fatherland Front in Can Tho City. Appointed as the Executive Vice Chairman of the Vietnamese National Assembly in April 2021 and elected as the President of the National Assembly in May 2024. Member of the 11th, 12th, and 13th Central Committees of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Secretary of the 12th Central Secretariat, and member of the 13th Central Politburo.

Vietnam is a developing country in terms of economy. Reform and opening up began in 1986. In 1996, the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam proposed to vigorously promote national industrialization and modernization. In 2001, the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam decided to establish a socialist oriented market economy system and identified three major economic strategic priorities, namely focusing on industrialization and modernization, developing multiple economic sectors, leveraging the leading position of the state-owned economy, and establishing a supporting management system for the market economy. In 2006, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam proposed to leverage the strength of the entire nation, comprehensively promote the cause of reform, and enable Vietnam to get rid of its underdeveloped situation as soon as possible. In 2016, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam passed the "2016-2020 Economic and Social Development Strategy", proposing that the average annual economic growth rate from 2016 to 2020 should reach 6.5% -7%, and the per capita GDP should increase to 3200-3500 US dollars by 2020. The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2021 passed the "Evaluation of the Implementation of Economic and Social Development Tasks for 2016-2020 and the Report on the Direction and Tasks of Economic and Social Development for 2021-2025", proposing that the average annual economic growth rate from 2021 to 2025 should reach 6.5-7%, and the per capita GDP should increase to 4700-5000 US dollars by 2025.

Since the reform and opening up, Vietnam's economy has maintained rapid growth, with the total economic output continuously expanding, the tertiary industry structure tending towards coordination, and the level of opening up to the outside world continuously improving, basically forming a pattern dominated by state-owned economy and the common development of multiple economic sectors.

The main economic data are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 430 billion US dollars (2023).

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 4284 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 5.05%.

Currency name: Vietnamese Dong.

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 24895 Vietnamese dong (as of October 2024). Consumer Price Index: 3.25% (2023)

Vietnam has abundant and diverse mineral resources. It mainly includes coal, iron, titanium, manganese, chromium, aluminum, tin and phosphorus, among which coal, iron and aluminum reserves are large. There are 6845 species of marine organisms, including 2000 species of fish, 300 species of crabs, 300 species of shellfish, and 75 species of shrimp. The forest area is about 10 million hectares.

In 2023, Vietnam's industrial production index will increase by 1.5. The main industrial products include coal, crude oil, natural gas, liquefied gas, aquatic products, etc.

Vietnam is a traditional agricultural country. Arable land and forest land account for 60% of the total area. Grain crops include rice, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, etc. Economic crops mainly include coffee, rubber, pepper, tea, peanuts, sugarcane, etc. In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in Vietnam accounted for 8.84% of the country's gross domestic product, with a growth rate of 3.83%.

In recent years, Vietnam's service industry has maintained rapid growth, accounting for 62.29% of GDP and a growth rate of 6.82% in 2023.

Vietnam has abundant tourism resources, and many scenic spots such as Halong Bay have been listed as world natural and cultural heritage sites by UNESCO. In recent years, the tourism industry has grown rapidly with significant economic benefits. In 2023, 12.6 million international tourists will be received, and the total tourism revenue is expected to be 28.9 billion US dollars. The main tourist attractions include: Huanjian Lake in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Confucian Temple, and Ba Dinh Square; Unified Palace in Ho Chi Minh City, Yalong Port, Lotus Pond Park, Gu Chi Tunnel, and Ha Long Bay in Quang Ninh Province.

In recent years, Vietnam's transportation industry has undergone restructuring, improved service quality, and achieved good economic benefits. In 2023, Vietnam's transportation industry continues to recover, with a passenger volume of 74 million, a year-on-year increase of 34.5%, and a freight volume of 1.1 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 9.3%. The international passenger transport volume reached 32 million, which is 1.7 times that of 2022.

In 2023, Vietnam's national fiscal revenue will be 69.6 billion US dollars, and the national fiscal expenditure will be 71.1 billion US dollars.

Vietnam has trade relations with over 150 countries and regions around the world. In recent years, Vietnam's foreign trade has maintained rapid growth, playing an important role in driving economic development. The total import and export volume of goods in 2023 is about 683 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 6.6%, of which the export value is 355.5 billion US dollars, a decrease of 4.4%; The import and export volume was 327.5 billion US dollars, a decrease of 8.9%, with a trade surplus of 28 billion US dollars, achieving a trade surplus for 8 consecutive years. Vietnam's main trading partners are China, the United States, the European Union, ASEAN, Japan, and South Korea. The main export commodities include: crude oil, clothing and textiles, aquatic products, shoes, rice, wood, electronic products, and coffee. The main export markets are the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, Japan, and China. The main imported goods include: automobiles, mechanical equipment and parts, finished oil, steel, textile raw materials, electronic products and parts. The main import markets are China, ASEAN, South Korea, Japan, the European Union, and the United States.

The entry of foreign capital has played an important role in introducing advanced production technology and management experience to Vietnam, promoting economic growth, and solving employment problems. In 2023, foreign investment contracts in Vietnam amounted to 36.6 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 31.1%. The actual utilization of foreign investment was 23.18 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 3.5%, reaching a new high in five years.

[People's Life] Since 2020, despite the impact of the COVID-19 and natural disasters, the life of Vietnamese residents has been generally stable, and the number of poor households and areas across the country has continued to decrease. The unemployment rate in 2023 is 2.28%.

The Vietnamese People's Army was established on December 22, 1944. Implement a three in one "national defense" system consisting of the main force, local forces, and militia. The Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the highest military decision-making body, which exercises unified leadership over the troops through the Ministry of National Defense. Implement compulsory military service system, with a service period ranging from 2 to 4 years.

Currently, Vietnam has established an education system that includes early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, teacher education, vocational education, and adult education. The general education system is 12 years, divided into three stages: the first stage is 5 years of primary school, the second stage is 4 years of junior high school, and the third stage is 3 years of high school. In 2000, Vietnam announced that it had basically achieved the goal of universal compulsory primary education. Nine year compulsory education began to be popularized in 2001. There are a total of 376 higher education institutions in the country. Famous universities include Hanoi National University, Ho Chi Minh City National University, Hue University, Da Nang University, etc.

The Vietnamese Press and Publication Law stipulates that newspapers are controlled by the state. According to Vietnamese statistics, there are a total of 876 central and local news agencies. The main publishing houses include National Political Publishing House, Culture Publishing House, Literature Publishing House, Science and Technology Publishing House, Education Publishing House, and World Publishing House. There are 13515 types of publications with an annual circulation of 218 million copies. There are 127 newspapers, and the rest are industry tabloids. The main newspapers and magazines include: People's Daily, the Central Organ of the Communist Party of Vietnam, founded in 1951, and launched an electronic version in May 1998; The People's Army Daily, the official newspaper of the General Political Bureau of the Vietnamese People's Army; The Great Unity Daily, the central organ newspaper of the Fatherland Front; Saigon Liberation Daily (Vietnamese and Chinese versions), the official newspaper of the Ho Chi Minh City Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam; Communist Monthly, a political theoretical publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, was founded in 1956 and an electronic version was established in 2001; National Defense Monthly.

Vietnam News Agency: National News Agency, founded in 1945, merged with Vietnam Southern Liberation News Agency in 1976. There are branches in all provinces and cities across the country, with 30 overseas branches. In August 1998, the Internet was opened (Vietnamese, English, French and Spanish).

Voice of Vietnam Radio Station: Established in 1954, it has eight domestic programs broadcasting in Vietnamese and several minority languages; Chinese Mandarin, Cantonese, Russian, English, French, Spanish, Japanese, Thai, Laotian, Cambodian, Indonesian, Malay and other languages are used for external broadcasting.

Vietnam Central Television: Established in 1971, currently has 9 programs.

Main website: Vietnam News Agency: http://www.vnanet.vn ／； Vietnamese People's Daily: http://www.nhandan.org.vn/ Vietnamese Communist Party Electronic Newspaper: http://www.cpv.org.vn/ The Vietnamese Parliament: http://www.na.gov.vn/ The Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www.mofa.gov.vn/ .

The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam reaffirmed the continued pursuit of an independent, autonomous, peaceful, cooperative and developmental, all-round, and diversified diplomatic path, making safeguarding national and ethnic interests the top priority of diplomatic work, emphasizing the unified leadership of the Party and centralized management of the state, and proposing to build a comprehensive and modern overall diplomacy with three pillars: inter party diplomacy, national diplomacy, and people's diplomacy. Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995 and has established diplomatic relations with 193 countries.