Yemen Passport

[Country Name] Republic of Yemen.

【 Area 】 528000 square kilometers.

The population is 32.98 million. The vast majority are Arabs, and the official language is Arabic. Islam is the state religion, with Shia accounting for 20-25% and Sunni accounting for 75-80%.

Sana'a, the capital, has a population of 2.983 million.

Rashad Muhammad al Alimi, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council.

[Important Festival] May 22nd (National Day)

【 Overview 】 Located at the southwestern end of the Arabian Peninsula. Adjacent to Saudi Arabia and Oman, it borders the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea, with a coastline of 1906 kilometers. The climate in mountainous and plateau areas within the territory is relatively mild, while desert areas are hot and dry, with an average annual maximum temperature of 39 ℃ and a minimum temperature of -8 ℃.

Yemen has a recorded history of over 3000 years and is one of the cradles of ancient civilizations in the Arab world. Starting from the 14th century BC, dynasties such as Mayin, Saba, and Himyaarit were established successively. In 575 AD, they were incorporated into the Persian Empire and became part of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. In the 9th century, the Rashid dynasty was established. After the 16th century, they were successively invaded and occupied by Portugal, the Ottoman Empire, and Britain. In 1918, an independent kingdom was established. In 1934, Britain forced the Kingdom to recognize its occupation of southern Yemen, and Yemen was officially divided into two parts: north and south. In September 1962, the "Free Officers" organization led by Abdullah Salal launched a revolution, overthrew the Badr dynasty in the north, and established the Yemen Arab Republic. In 1967, southern Yemen gained independence from British colonial rule and established the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. On May 22, 1990, North and South Yemen declared unity and established the Republic of Yemen. In May 1994, conflicts between leaders in northern and southern Yemen escalated over issues such as reunification, leading to the outbreak of civil war. The civil war ended in July, and the southern army led by the Yemeni Socialist Party failed, with the main leaders fleeing abroad. On October 1, Ali Abdullah Saleh, the leader of the north and chairman of the National People's Congress Party, was elected President. In September 1999 and September 2006, Saleh was re elected.

Implement a republican system in politics. In early 2011, there were anti-government demonstrations in Yemen demanding the resignation of President Saleh. After mediation by the Gulf Cooperation Council and the United Nations, Saleh signed the initiative proposed by the Gulf Cooperation Council in November, transferring presidential powers to Vice President Hadi. In February 2012, Yemen held presidential elections and Hadi was elected as the only candidate for president. In 2014, the conflict between the Houthi organization and the Yemeni government intensified. In March 2015, the Yemeni government led by President Hadi went into exile in Saudi Arabia. In the latter half of the month, the Arab coalition consisting of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries intervened in the Yemen issue, and the situation in Yemen escalated. In December 2018, the United Nations promoted peace talks between the Yemeni government and the Houthis in Sweden and signed the Stockholm Agreement, but the agreement was not implemented. Subsequently, multiple attempts at mediation by the United Nations and others were unsuccessful. In April 2022, President Hadi announced the establishment of a presidential leadership committee chaired by Ali Mi and transferred all power to it. Meanwhile, with the mediation of Saudi Arabia and the United Nations, the warring parties in Yemen have reached a temporary ceasefire agreement and extended it twice until early 2022. Since 2023, with the joint efforts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Nations, and others, progress has been made in the political settlement process of the Yemen issue.

In November 1989, former leaders of the North and South, Saleh and Bide, signed the "Unified Constitution Draft". In May 1990, the North and South parliaments respectively passed the draft constitution. In 2001, a constitutional amendment was passed to extend the presidential term from 5 years to 7 years and grant the president the power to dissolve parliament.

Parliament and Consultative Conference: Parliament is the national legislative body responsible for formulating national policies such as financial budgets, final accounts, and economic and social development outlines, and guiding and supervising government work. In April 2019, the Yemeni Parliament held a special session to elect Balkani, Deputy General Secretary of the National People's Congress Party, as Speaker of the Parliament.

The current government was established in December 2020 and reorganized in February 2024. The current Prime Minister is Ahmed Awad Bin Mubarak, and the main members include the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Shai'a Mukhsin Zandani, the Minister of Defense, Mukhsin Mohammad Dairi, the Minister of Interior, Ibrahim Ali Haidan, and the Minister of Finance, Salim Salih bin Brick.

Yemen is divided into 21 provinces and 1 municipality: Sana'a, Aden, Taiz, Lahti, Hodeidah, Abyan, Ibb, Shabwo, Zamar, Hadhramau, Haji, Mehra, Beida, Sada, Mehwit, Malib, Juf, Amran, Dali, Lima, Socotra, and Sana'a city.

The main political parties in Yemen are:

(1) The National People's Congress Party: Established in August 1982, it has been a ruling party for a long time. After the political turmoil in Yemen in 2011, it co ruled with other parties.

(2) Islamic Reform Group Party: Established in September 1990, it is the largest opposition party formed after the unification of Yemen. After the political turmoil in Yemen in 2011, the Islamic Reform Group Party formed an opposition alliance with the Yemen Socialist Party and others. In December, the opposition coalition and the National People's Congress jointly formed a national reconciliation government for joint governance.

(3) Yemeni Socialist Party: Established in October 1978, it was once the ruling party in South Yemen. In May 1990, the Yeshe Party collaborated with the National People's Congress to achieve the reunification of Yemen. In May 1994, the conflict between the two parties intensified, leading to the outbreak of civil war and the defeat of the Social Democratic Party, which became the opposition party. After the political turmoil in Yemen in 2011, the Yeshe Party formed an opposition alliance with the Islamic Reform Group Party and participated in coalition governance.

Other political parties include Nasser People's Unity Organization, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, Rashad Party, etc.

[Important Person] Rashad Muhammad Ali: Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council. Born in 1954 in Taiz Province, he is a member of the National People's Congress Party. He has successively served as the Director of the Department of Legal Affairs of the Ministry of the Interior, Director of the Immigration and Passport Bureau, Director of the Security Bureau of Taiz Province, etc. In 2001, he was appointed as the Minister of the Interior. In 2006, he became the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior, and also served as the Chairman of the Supreme Security Council. Since 2014, he has been serving as an advisor to the President. Appointed as the Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council in April 2022.

Ahmed Oud bin Mubarak: Prime Minister. Born in Aden in 1968. Formerly served as Secretary General of the Yemen National Dialogue, Director of the Presidential Office, and Ambassador to the United States. Appointed as Foreign Minister in December 2020. Appointed as Prime Minister in February 2024.

Economy is one of the least developed countries in the world. Economic development mainly relies on oil exports. The proven recoverable oil reserves are about 4 billion barrels, and the proven recoverable natural gas reserves are 0.5 trillion cubic meters.

The main economic data for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: 21.05 billion US dollars.

Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 618 US dollars.

Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 1.5%.

Currency name: Yemeni Riyal.

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 529 riyals (Sana'a);

1 US dollar is approximately 1541 riyals (Aden).

Foreign exchange reserves: 5.56 million US dollars

In addition to oil, Yemen also has copper, iron, aluminum, chromium, nickel, cobalt, gold, silver, coal, salt, marble, sulfur, oil, natural gas, gypsum, and other resources.

Industry is underdeveloped, including textile, petroleum, chemical, aluminum, leather, cement, building materials, cigarettes, food, and processing industries. Oil extraction began in the mid-1980s.

Agricultural products mainly include cotton, coffee, sorghum, millet, corn, barley, beans, sesame, cattail, tobacco, etc. Grain cannot be self-sufficient, cotton and coffee can be exported.

【 Foreign Trade 】 Domestic construction materials such as transportation vehicles, machinery and equipment, as well as a large number of light industrial products, need to be imported. The main export products include petroleum, cotton, coffee, tobacco, spices, and seafood. The main trading partners include China, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Italy, Saudi Arabia, etc.

Yemen has a backward economy and is one of the least developed countries in the world. There is a severe shortage of food and other supplies, and the humanitarian situation is severe.

Yemen News Agency (referred to as "Saba Agency") is the official news agency. After the unification of Yemen on May 22, 1990, it was formed by the merger of the former North Yemen Saba News Agency (founded in 1968) and the former South Yemen Aden News Agency (founded in 1970).

Adhere to a policy of peace and non alignment in foreign relations; Adhere to neighborly friendship, peaceful coexistence, non-interference in internal affairs, and advocate resolving disputes and differences between countries through peaceful means.